Auditory, Vestibular, Olfactory, Touch sense and system

  1. A complex tone is comprised of three frequency components (700 Hz at 10 dB, 1400 Hz at 30 dB, and 2100 Hz at 50 dB). The fundamental frequency of this tone is ______ Hz. The tenth harmonic of this tone is _____ Hz.
  2. 350; 3500
  3. 350; 360
  4. 700; 7000
  5. 700; 710
  6. 2100; outside of the frequency range for hearing

 

  1. A passing fire truck produces a noise at 80 dB, whereas your phone vibrating with a text message is only 40 dB. How many times greater is the amplitude of the fire truck?
  2. 10
  3. 20
  4. 40
  5. 100
  6. 1000

 

  1. Examine the tuning curve of the auditory nerve fibre below. Which of the following statements is TRUE for this neuron?
  2. Only the characteristic frequency will produce a response.
  3. This neuron will be closer to the apex of the cochlea than a neuron with a characteristic frequency of 500 Hz.
  4. This neuron will have the same sharpness (width) of the tuning curve as a neuron with a characteristic frequency of 500 Hz because all auditory nerve fibres have identical tuning widths.
  5. Because the cochlea is tonotopically arranged, neurons with similar tuning will be located around the same place on the basilar membrane.
  6. None of the above

 

  1. A patient develops severe hearing loss. Her auditory thresholds are unusually high when sounds are played through a speaker. Her hearing is equally poor when sound pressure waves are transmitted through her skull (bone conduction). When doctors electrically stimulate her auditory nerve, she hears sounds somewhat ok. Her hearing loss is most likely caused by damage to her:
  2. Pinna
  3. Ossicular bridge
  4. Hair cells
  5. Auditory nerve
  6. Superior olivary nucleus

 

  1. The figure below demonstrates how _______
  2. the cochlea produces sounds of different frequencies.
  3. displacement of the basilar membrane explains the critical bandwidth.
  4. complex sounds are made of simple sounds.
  5. the auditory nerve transmits information to the brain.
  6. the cochlea is tuned to different frequencies.

 

  1. In the study by Jennifer Saffran et al. (1996), infants listened to a two-minute audio clip of four non-words played in a random order without silences. This study showed that:
  2. Statistical learning only occurs for sentences, not words or phonemes
  3. We only have statistical learning for our native language
  4. Infants do not perceive word boundaries
  5. After two minutes of exposure, the infants learned transitional probabilities for these non-words
  6. Infants have long listening times for familiar words.

 

 

 

 

  1. _______ refers to the idea that multiple neurons can provide a temporal code for frequency if each neuron fires first at a distinct point in the period of a sound wave but does not fire on every period.
  2. Critical bandwidth
  3. Two-tone suppression
  4. The volley principle
  5. Place code
  6. Rate saturation

 

  1. [Pick 2 choices!]. The relative amplitudes of the different frequency components (harmonics) of a complex sound determines its
  2. Loudness
  3. Phrasing
  4. Melody
  5. Pitch
  6. Timbre
  7. Prosody

 

  1. Which of the following methods of sound localization between the two ears is most important for tones of low frequencies?
  2. Interaural time differences
  3. Interaural level differences
  4. Interaural phase differences
  5. Interaural echo differences
  6. Both a and b

 

  1. You win the Nobel prize and suddenly your head swells up: the distance between your ears increases. The change will affect
  2. interaural time differences.
  3. perception of the pitch of a pure tone.
  4. interaural level differences.
  5. interaural echo differences.
  6. Both a and c.

 

  1. The McGurk effect demonstrates that ______
  2. coarticulation can be resolved by inspecting the spectral contrast.
  3. place of articulation is essential for successful categorization of similar speech signals.
  4. manner of articulation is essential for successful categorization of similar speech signals.
  5. voicing is essential for successful categorization of similar speech signals.
  6. what people see can influence what people hear.

 

  1. Lyla and Emily are two ballet performers and they are practicing rotating. Lyla is rotating with a constant angular velocity of 130 degrees per second. Emily is rotating at an initial velocity of 90 and her velocity is speeding up (accelerating) 20 degrees each second. If we measure activity in Lyla and Emily’s semicircular canals after 2 seconds, whose hair cells have a higher firing rate?
  2. Lyla
  3. Emily
  4. The same
  5. Neither; there is no response in either
  6. Not sure; it’s related to the two people’s height and weight

 

  1. When subjects are rotated in the dark, they first feel a sense of motion consistent with their actual motion but soon feel as if they are _______. After 30 seconds, they feel as if they have _______. If the motion is abruptly stops, subjects feel as if they are rotating in the _______ direction.
  2. slowing down; sped up; opposite
  3. slowing down; stopped; opposite
  4. speeding up; slowed down; opposite
  5. speeding up; stopped; same
  6. slowing down; sped up; same

 

  1. People with damage to their vestibular systems experience _______ to their blood pressure after whole body tilt motion, compared to people with normal vestibular systems.
  2. greater changes
  3. the same changes
  4. smaller changes
  5. no change at all
  6. None of the above

 

  1. Which of the following areas of the brain processes vestibular information exclusively?
  2. Parietal lobe
  3. Frontal lobe
  4. Occipital lobe
  5. Temporal lobe
  6. None of the above

 

  1. The sudden and unexpected onset of dizziness, imbalance, and spatial disorientation causing a patient to fall down or experience motion sickness so severe that they repeatedly vomit is called
  2. vection.
  3. illusory tilt.
  4. Ménière’s syndrome.
  5. Mal de Debarquement Syndrome.
  6. vestibular flux.

 

  1. The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is important in that it
  2. Allows us to keep the retinal image stable despite head rotation
  3. Keeps the body balanced as we make rapid eye movements
  4. Keeps light levels comparable in the two eyes
  5. Is responsible for allowing accurate smooth pursuit eye movements
  6. None of the above

 

  1. Which of the following is the correct ordering of body parts, from the largest two-point threshold to the smallest?
  2. lips; back; forehead
  3. forehead; back; lips
  4. forehead; lips; back
  5. back; lips; forehead
  6. back; forehead; lips

 

  1. Phantom Limb Syndrome patients experience phantom sensations in their amputated limb when their face is touched because:
  2. The nerves for the face and for the limbs all enter the spinal cord at the same place
  3. The mechanorecptors from the limbs send projections to the face
  4. The injury causes the representation of the limb in the somatosensory cortex to INCREASE, engulfing the representation for the face
  5. The injury causes the representation of the limb in the somatosensory cortex to DECREASE, and the adjacent face region encroaches on the former limb region
  6. B and C

 

  1. Haptic exploratory procedures are used to
  2. contact objects in order to perceive their properties.
  3. transmit touch signals from nerve endings to the brain.
  4. alert the brain to especially hot objects.
  5. filter out unnecessary stimuli in the environment.
  6. walk around a new environment to learn the layout.

 

  1. Which of the following is a chemical sensing organ found in some mammals at the base of the nasal cavity? Hint: it has a curved tubular shape.
  2. Orbitofrontal cortex
  3. Prefrontal cortex
  4. Main olfactory bulb
  5. Accessory olfactory bulb
  6. Vomeronasal organ

 

  1. Specific anosmia and the study of stereoisomers provide evidence against the _______ theory of olfactory perception.
  2. regulated odor
  3. shape-pattern
  4. vibration
  5. odor activation
  6. olfactory nerve

 

  1. Sometimes odorants can stimulate the somatosensory system through polymodal nociceptors. These sensations are mediated by the
  2. prefrontal cortex.
  3. ciliary nerves.
  4. maxillary nerve.
  5. trigeminal nerve.
  6. endocrine system.

 

  1. An anesthesia of the chorda tympani causes
  2. impaired olfaction.
  3. damaged taste.
  4. foods to be enhanced in flavor.
  5. a delayed reaction to flavors.
  6. foods to taste salty.

 

  1. _______ is the taste quality produced by the hydrogen ion in foods.
  2. Salty
  3. Sour
  4. Sweet
  5. Bitter
  6. Spicy
  7. Fatty
  8. Spicy

 

  1. Which of the following taste sensations is evoked by carbohydrates that conform to the chemical formula (CH2O)n, where n is between 3 and 7?
  2. Salty
  3. Sweet
  4. Bitter
  5. Sour
  6. Umami
  7. Spicy
  8. Fatty

 

  1. If you adjust the brightness of a light until it matches the intensity of sourness of the taste of a lemon, you are engaging in
  2. variety matching.
  3. cross-modality matching.
  4. sensory integration.
  5. cross-adaptation.
  6. None of the above

 

 

 

Short Answer

  1. Doraemon has no ears since they were chewed off by mice. But he can still sense time differences and intensity differences in the arrival of sounds at the locations where his two ears were. The two graphs below record some basic physical measurements for Doraemon. Unfortunately, Doraemon never took a Perception course and doesn’t know how to interpret these cues to judge the locations of sources of sound in the environment. But you can help him out referring to the graphs below!

ドラえもんさんを助けてくれ!! (Please help Doraemon!!) To answer each of these questions, use the schematic of the top view of Doraemon’s head with the front marked (indicated by his nose). Note that 0, ±30, ±45, ±60, ±90, ±120, ±135, ±150, 180 degrees are marked with letters of the alphabet on the schematic diagram. Notice the differences and correspondences between this list of angles and the ones shown in the above diagram, to prevent any confusion. Write the direction or directions signaled by each of the stimuli described. You can assume that the sound sources are at the same height as Doraemon’s ears.

  1. A 6000 Hz sound is 10 dB louder at Doraemon’s right ear place than at his left ear place.

Your answer

 

  1. A 6000 Hz sound is equally loud at Doraemon’s right ear as at his left ear.

Your answer

 

  1. A 200 Hz sound arrives 480 μs (microseconds) earlier at Doraemon’s left ear than at his right ear.

Your answer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. The illustration to the right shows four types of touch receptors. The Meissner corpuscles and Pacinian corpuscles are fast adapting and the other two are slow adapting.
  2. Which two have the larger receptive fields?

Your answer

 

  1. Name one of the two that respond best to temporal changes in skin deformation (vibration)?

Your answer

 

 

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