U.S. History, Post Civil War

Prompt: Historian, Erika Lee argues that the by the 1920s, the United States shifted from a “gateway nation” to a “gatekeeping nation.”  Write an essay that explores this idea.  Make sure to address some of the following:  how immigrants shape American  society at the turn-of-the-twentieth century; immigration laws and policies; push and pull factors; who migrated to the US and why; global migration and re-migration patters; immigration and labor;  debates and laws concerning naturlization and citizenship. 

Outline:
Intro: Refernce how the the end of the civil war lead to a journey full of struggles between multiple ethnicities, social, politically, and econmically, helping establish the U.S. into a gatekeeping nation by the 1920’s.
1. Basically, I want a timeline of important factors that lead to a gatekeeping nation. Start with the Reconstruction era and how the release of slaves depleted the southern economy and how the North started to dabble in free labor and industrial expansion. Also, refer to the politics and how the ideologies swithced in this era, ultimately ending Reconstruction era. The start of a gateway nation, although still gatekeeping against certain minorities. 
Information will be found: 
http://www.americanyawp.com/text/15-reconstruction/ 
 
2. Then move on to Industrial capitalism (1880-1920)
Start with Gilded age and the expansion of railroads and how it openned the market for oppourtunities and capital goods. Then disciss the technological advances that replaced maula labor. Discuss Thomas Edison’s work. Relate this idea to how it attracted many immigrants to America. refernce additonal reasons why they moved to America. Discuss how they helped shaped politics in the cities they lived in and the urbanization that was implemented to keep the working class full of desires, with little income. The idea of a gateway nation is in effect. 
Information will be found in: http://www.americanyawp.com/text/18-industrial-america/
 
3. Next is how Industrial capitalism changed with the addition of WW1
Start with describing all of the tough working conditions people were going through in these industries. Relate this idea to how owners of these industries only cared for theselves. Had a drive to establish monopolies. Furthermore, discuss the effects of restrictions on immigrants. Chinese exclusion act and what it did. Explain why Johnson reed act took place and the effects of it. Who were effected? What did it involve or establish? Why did it exclude certain ethnicities? These paragraphs should start suggesting that the nation is now turning into a gatekeeping nation.
Information about tough conditions:  http://www.americanyawp.com/text/20-the-progressive-era/
Information about the Reed act will be held in the file titiled “Ngai Mae”.
Information about Chinese exclsuion act and more genral info are held in this slideshow: 
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1jL-vQ0UmU69I1sjssOe3CbzwHhlw7dPbGhj-da3fdfA/edit?usp=sharing
 
4. American Empire and Expansion
Reference expansion of America through violence carried against Native Americans. Refernce the the main acts that restricted them (General Allotment Act 1887). Ultimatley all the restrictions held againts this group and what it did for America. 
Info for this is in: http://www.americanyawp.com/text/17-conquering-the-west/
Then discuss how Theodore Roosevelt help propel American expansion, gassed by racsim and social darwinism. The effects of this. Who did it effect? Why it happened? The idea is that America is now a full blown gatekeeping nation, helping establsih the foundation for the prejudices against race taking place today. 
Information about this will be found in: http://www.americanyawp.com/text/19-american-empire/
and the file titled: “Bederman 2”
Additonal Info: 
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1zw101e-RtKCuli5gYv8ANSogguoGTD8o/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=105200818913494077494&rtpof=true&sd=true
 
5. Progoressive era + Roaring 20’s, early 1900s
Discuss the progression in women movements: politics, socially.
then discuss how African Americans are advancing yet, still being restricted (Great Migration). Discuss how society is chnaging their views and culture. The idea is that America is gatekeeping from outside nations, although, there is a small gateway for minorities, openning opportunities to reform and a gateway for American citizens in general to express themselves in the country. 
Info for this : 
http://www.americanyawp.com/text/22-the-twenties/
 http://www.americanyawp.com/text/20-the-progressive-era/
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/18RNv9qyijs2z8nIAP2uFONKhHro47HxY/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=105200818913494077494&rtpof=true&sd=true
 
Conclusion
Make sure to answer prompt, yes, U.S has turned into gatekeeping nation towrads other nations, although still opening oppourtunities for current citizens. 
 
Instructions

  • 6-7 pages, double-spaced; 11-12 pt font; 1 inch margins
  • 5 Citations MINIMUM (more is better!).  Your citations must include a mix of:
    • primary sources
    • scholarly articles,
    • lecture notes (google slides)
  • Cite these sources in parentheses in the text of your essay. For secondary sources, give author’s last name and a short title of the article.For primary sources, give author and date.  For lecture, give my name and date.  For textbook, give short title, chapter and section #)See examples below.
    • Scholarly article: (Lee, “The Yellow Peril” 32)
    • Primary Source:  (Lee Chew, 1903)
    • Lecture/Slides:  (Cohen, 3/1/21) or (Cohen, Week 3)
    • Textbook: (Yawp, Ch. 17, Section II)
  • Provide a Works Cited page that lists all sources you used.
    • On this page, you can use the suggested “Reference List” formats recommended for Author-Date Chicago Style (Links to an external site.)
    • For lectures/slides (not listed on the link above) use, lecturer, lecture title, date:  Julie Cohen, “Immigration, Urbanization and Industrial Capitalism, Part II,” Feb 21, 2021.
  • DO NOT USE OUTSIDE SOURCES.

LIST OF Key Terms to Choose from:

Group 1

  • Black codes
  • 14th Amendment
  • Economic freedom
  • “40 Acres and a Mule”
  • “Lynch law”
  • “the Lost Cause” movement
  • Jim Crow
  • Plessy v Ferguson

Group 2

 

  • Modern Times
  • Industrial capitalism
  • Taylorism
  • Triangle Shirtwaist Fire, 1911

Group 3

  • Johnson-Reed Act, 1924
  • Chinese Exclusion Law, 1882
  • US vs. Ozawa, 1922
  • Return migration

Group 4:

  • General Allotment Act (Dawes Act), 1887
  • “Exodusters”
  • “Factories in the field”
  •  Social Darwinism
  • “the White Man’s Burden”
  • “the strenuous life”
  • Discourse of Civilization

Group 5

  • “direct democracy”
  • How the Other Half Lives
  • “Civic housekeeping”
  • Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
  • moral authority
  • settlement homes
  • The “Atlanta Compromise”
  • The “talented tenth”
  • Tulsa “Riots”

Group 6

  • the Great Migration
  • Dating
  • consumer society
  • “new woman”
  • The Harlem Renaissance
  • UNIA
  • League of Nations
5 terms preferred : black codes, 14th amendment, industrial capitalism, general allotment act (1887),  chinese exlusion act, johnson reed act.
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