ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY
ENG 111
Date
Essay 3 Outline
HOOK (short paragraph; 2-3 sentences)
Be creative; have fun with it.
Grab the readers attention.
You may use personal pronouns, but avoid UNNECESSARY personal pronouns.
You are not required to incorporate an outside source into the hook, but its possible that a famous quote or surprising statistic may be helpful. (CREDO or news article)
No heading for this section since it comes right after the title.
INTRODUCTION (1-2 paragraphs)
Teach your broad topic to your reader. For example, if your social issue is examining whether welfare recipients should be required to pass a drug test, your introductory paragraphs will teach the reader what welfare is, how the process works, and a short history of public aid in the US. You may also touch on the basics of drug testing.
Many students will end up with one paragraph which focuses on definitions and/or processes and another paragraph which focuses on history. You may keep them together under one heading or divide them into Introduction and Historical Perspectives.
Avoid personal pronouns.
Do not reveal your opinion on the issue YET.
Think of this section as a way to catch the reader up to speed on your topic so that they will be able to understand the rest of your essay. You can teach the reader what you know about the topic, but make sure you synthesize your knowledge with credible information from an outside source.
Heading Title (all headings should be centered with normal title capitalization rules)
o Introduction
Source: reference source from the CREDO database.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM (1 paragraph)
Make the case for the importance of your chosen social issue. Make a claim that this issue is important, real, and happening right now.
Build a bridge from the historical information to the situation were in TODAY.
The problem statement is a SUBJECTIVE, persuasive paragraph in which you attempt to convince the reader that the topic is worth writing an essay about. In other words, you are revealing your opinion to the reader.
Avoid personal pronouns.
Use cause-effect reasoning.
Helpful questions to help you focus your paragraph
o What is the controversy? (In general terms you will address the specifics later.)
o How do you know that this problem is REAL and not just something fabricated or exaggerated by the media or politicians?
o Stakeholder analysis
Who is involved in this issue? Who is impacted by this issue?
Who is unhappy about the current situation, and why?
In other words, why should your readers care about this issue?
o What causes this problem?
o What are the effects of this problem?
What might happen if this problem is not solved?
o How have the events of the past led us to the current situation?
A cause-effect chain is appropriate.
The final sentence of this paragraph will be your thesis statement.
o X should Y because Z.
o Due to Z, X should Y.
Heading: Choose one
o Problem Statement
o Statement of the Problem
Source: recent news story (specifically NOT an op-ed; just a report of a recent event related to your topic). Use ProQuest NewsStand (Research Guide or Library database A-Z list).
POSITION A (at least 2 paragraphs about one of the op-ed articles)
Provide a one paragraph objective summary of the article.
o Start with information about the rhetorical situation of the article:
Title
Author
Author Information
o Provide an overview of the authors purpose and position.
Follow the summary with 1-2 paragraphs of analysis. You are expected to make analytical claims about the text and incorporate direct quotations and/or paraphrase from the article to support your claims.
Avoid personal pronouns.
Heading: Make up your own heading to reflect the content of the chosen article.
Source: NY Times Room for Debate, Opposing Viewpoints, or Issues and Controversies Op-Ed Article
POSITION B (at least 2 paragraphs about the other op-ed article)
Provide a one paragraph objective summary of the article.
o Start with information about the rhetorical situation of the article:
Title
Author
Author Information
o Provide an overview of the authors purpose and position.
Follow the summary with 1-2 paragraphs of analysis. You are expected to make analytical claims about the text and incorporate direct quotations and/or paraphrase from the article to support your claims.
Avoid personal pronouns.
Heading: Make up your own heading to reflect the content of the chosen article.
Source: NY Times Room for Debate, Opposing Viewpoints, or Issues and Controversies Op-Ed Article (different than the Position A article)
CONCLUSION (1-2 paragraphs)
Explain your position on the issue.
Answer the WHY. Why do you feel/think/believe these things?
How is your position like either of the articles discussed in your position sections?
How is your position different from either of the articles?
Support your claims with outside sources (may be from one of the previous position sections and/or a new source)
Avoid personal pronouns.
Heading: Conclusion
Source: Students choice (must use at least one source in this section; may be a repeated use of one of the articles already used, a new op-ed article, or a wildcard source)
PROPOSED SOLUTION/RECOMMENDATIONS (1 paragraph)
You may decide exactly how to frame your conclusion, but it must accomplish at least a couple of these things:
o Make a set of recommendations for the everyday person (the reader).
o Make a set of recommendations for the people in power (elected officials, etc.)
o Write a new proposed law to replace the current law.
o Suggest changes to the governments budget.
o Create a five-step plan for positive change.
o Create a one-year plan.
o Create a five- or ten-year plan.
The more practical and realistic, the better!
You may use first person pronouns if you discuss an event from your past.
Support your recommendations with relevant evidence. Use signal phrases and in-text citations to make your outside source incorporation clear.
Heading: One of these!
o Plan of Action
o Proposed Solution
o Recommendations
Source: NCLive peer reviewed scholarly journal article or reasonable substitute, such as Academic One-Source(another Library database).
WORKS CITED
Heading: Works Cited
Dont forget to do one!
Five sources required; sixth source is optional
Parenthetical in-text citations throughout essay should correspond with works cited entries. Every source on the works cited page should be explicitly mentioned and cited within the essay; every source mentioned in the essay must be included on the works cited page.
Alphabetize by first letter.
Hanging indent
Normal double spacing
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