Response to discussion post response only needs to be 150 words
The chambers of the heart are the left atrium, right atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle. Blood flows in all of the 4 chambers. First, the blood will flow through the right atrium then it will pass through the right ventricle. The right ventricle will pump the blood to the lungs where it will become oxygenated. The pulmonary vein will bring back the oxygenated blood to the left atrium then it will flow through the left ventricle. The left ventricle is in charge of pumping the blood to the aorta (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2021).
Patent foramen ovale is a hole in the heart between the left and the right atria. This hole in the heart should close after birth. This occurs 1 in 4 people. Most people dont need treatment for this. The cause of this is unclear although genetics may be a factor. In rare cases, a patent foramen ovale can cause low blood oxygen levels because there is a significant amount of blood that bypasses the lungs due to the hole (Mayo Clinic, 2019).
The usual pacemaker of the heart is the sinoatrial node or SA node. It is located at the junction of the right atrium and superior vena cava. The SA node is heavily supplied by both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers. It generates an electrical signal that causes the right and left atria to contract. In a resting adults heart, the SA node normally cause the atria to contract at a rate of about 60 to 100 times a minute. Irregular heartbeats are caused by a disturbance in the electrical pathway (Alberta, 2020).
Original Discussion Topic
A 14-month-old girl is brought to the emergency department. When the child woke from her afternoon nap, the mother noted that she did not use her left arm and had difficulty standing without falling. The staff attaches the child to a cardiorespiratory monitor and a pulse oximeter to monitor the oxygen saturation of the hemoglobin. Although all vital signs are normal, the child is listless and barely responds to the staffs interventions. An emergency computed tomographic (CT) scan is ordered, and the child is noted to have suffered a small stroke. The child is transferred to the pediatric intensive care unit for close monitoring. By the next morning, the child has begun to use her left arm; although a little wobbly, she keeps pulling herself up to stand while in the crib. A neurologist examines the little girl and orders some laboratory tests and an echocardiogram. Once the tests are complete, the neurologist meets with the mother and explains that the child has a congenital cardiac anomaly, patent foramen ovale.
1. Discuss the four chambers of the heart.
2. Describe a patent foramen ovale. Where is the valvular opening located?
3. Discuss the opening that has no effect on the normal electrical impulses in the heart.
4. Describe the usual pacemaker of the heart and its location.
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