I need help with these queStions then when someone else says something I need to respond to theM.
1. We learned that ideology is a belief system, or a way of understanding our world around us. Now, Nealon & Giroux are indicating that these “ideas” we have about our world can be untrue; that is, we are unable “to see real conditions because they are masked by false ideas” (93). In essence, hegemonic forces produce a “common sense” explanation for the way of things that further serves and reinforces those in power economically, politically, culturally and socially. Explain how this false consciousness (Antonio Gramsci) works in today’s world, and provide specific examples to support your thinking.
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“Ideology,” Nealon & Giroux suggest in one of their many definitive statements about the concept, “leads you to accept each day as a natural fact: Things are the way they are; case closed” (100). But how do we come to accept, embrace, even argue with others in favor of this ideology that is at the center of our lives? From whence does our ideology spring? Why do we tend to accept it so faithfully and fully without thinking about why we have come to believe as we do? Offer particular examples and illustrations, explaining your position thoroughly.
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We’ve been exploring of late how context generates meaning; ideology is no different. “All meaning is contextual; all contexts are social; and all societies have ideologies, recognitions of common sense,” Nealon & Giroux declare. “…The task of ideology critique is to make the familiar seem a bit more strange and thereby to make us consistently examine the things that we all too often take for granted” (101). But just how do we conduct such critique? How do we examine and interrogate ideology when it is so intricately woven into our everyday lives? Most crucially: Why is it vital for us to do so? |
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Focus singularly on sections 7 & 8 (pages 107-112) in Ernest Gaines’s short story “The Sky Is Gray,” and analyze one or more of the statements below by integrating concepts we have learned thus far, such as hegemony, commodification, use/exchange/sign-exchange value, base/superstructure, false consciousness, and ideology (among others):
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this you may need for some of them will send the story part once someone can help me
IDEOLOGY
Base: economics and acts of consumptive production, such as the means of production and the divisions of labor in employer-employee relations, that serve as support for the superstructure of social, political and ideological realities. [Karl Marx, A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (1859)]
Conspicuous Consumption: the act of owning or displaying goods solely for their exchange value or sign-exchange value, or making overt charitable contributions, thus demonstrating social prestige through the display of superior socio-economic status. [Thorstein Veblen, The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study in the Evolution of Institutions (1899)]
Historical Conditions: ideological conditions that are a result of economic (material) circumstances which in turn shape the direction of those economic conditions; the writing of a literary text, for instance is in some part shaped by the events and circumstances that become enveloped in the narrative.
Ideological State Apparatus (ISA): institutions that disseminate ideologies that reinforce the control of a dominant ruling class; these institutions include such entities as schools, churches, media outlets, social and sports clubs, legal structures, and the family. [Louis Althusser, Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (Notes Toward an Investigation) (1970)]
Material Conditions: economic conditions that give rise to ideological, social and political (historical) circumstances which in turn shape those socio-, historico-, and ideological conditions; while historical conditions are largely conceptual, material circumstances are concretethat is, they are practical, pragmatic, and substantial elements which are part of everyday life, such as ones house, money, car, and so on.
Political Unconscious: the concept that all texts are destabilized by their historical realitythat is, the text is a socially symbolic act, given its reliance on an historical language and material conditions that are, themselves, ideological acts of false consciousness. [Frederic Jameson, The Political Unconscious: Narrative as Socially Symbolic Act (1981)]
Repressive State Apparatus (RSA): unified institutions that repress subordinate groups to conform and submit to practices of the dominating ruling class through violent or non-violent coercive means; these institutions include such entities as the government itself, the court system, the police, and armed forces. [Louis Althusser, Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (Notes Toward an Investigation) (1970)]
Superstructure: the social, political, and ideological realities that shape structures of power, cultural norms and expectations, and thus our identities, and which are founded upon the base, or economics. [Karl Marx, A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (1859)]
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