I am going to give you a high-level summary of what you will be learning this week. Here is chapter 8 in a nutshell.
Families are basic to the raising of children, but some families cannot meet their children’s needs. Knowing when to preserve the family and when to place the child is an issue that has generated much debate in the field of child welfare. Recently there has been an emphasis on family-based services to strengthen families to help them provide a nurturing environment for their children.
During early U.S. history, children in poor and often dysfunctional families joined their parents in almshouses or, if older, were indentured to learn a trade. They were dependent on the charity of the more economically advantaged in society. As critics began to complain about the treatment of children in almshouses, and as national values became more reflective of the work ethic, children began to be placed with families to work and be provided for. Later, settlement houses influenced services to children. By the early 1900s, poverty-stricken mothers received pensions to care for their children.
In the 1950s and 1960s, more and more children were being placed in foster care, and they were remaining there for longer periods. The Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 and the Family Preservation and Family Support Act of 1993 were designed to provide permanency for children while first assessing a family’s potential to be helped to keep or be reunited with its children. To address growing concerns about children lingering in care, congress passed the Adoption and Safe Families Act in 1997.
Family-based services can be divided into two types: family support services and family preservation services. Family support services are used to support and strengthen families so that they can better meet their children’s needs. Family preservation services are provided when removal seems imminent or when children are scheduled to be reunited with their families. Family preservation services are grounded in several theories: crisis intervention theory, family systems theory, ecological theory, attachment theory, and strengths-based philosophies. Services include concrete and educational services and clinical interventions. Kinship care may be a form of family preservation service or a type of foster care. Kinship care is considered a viable model with implications for multiple segments of the population. Proper use of kinship care requires further research and evaluation.
The worker is an important part of successful family intervention. Although selection and training are vital, a worker must also have specific personal characteristics and some experience in working with families.
Some feel that family preservation has been an important, effective part of child welfare. Critics feel that efforts to preserve the family can put children at risk. Proponents for the continuation of family preservation services call for increased training of workers, careful program design, better supervision, community support, and more intensive evaluation to determine if family preservation services are in the child’s best interests. No program is a panacea, and each individual family needs to be assessed adequately so the decision can be made in the best interest of the child.
Recognition of the longitudinal effects of foster care and placement on children suggests careful consideration is required when making decisions to meet best interests of children. A paradigm shift will be necessary to adopt a trauma-informed model of child welfare.
Copy and paste the questions. Tell me your thoughts, cite at least ONE source for each question listed below.
Analyze how the history of family-based services has influenced or informed current practices. (2 points)
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