Description In this discussion forum, you will assess the validity of popular assumptions and beliefs about problem solving. Please note that your answers need be supported by scientific evidence. For your initial post, complete the steps below: Watch the video, Rory Sutherland: Sweat the Small Stuff (Links to an external site.), on how simplicity can benefit problem solving. Select one of the following topics: Laypersons and scientists alike often report that after having tried to solve a problem for an entire day, “sleeping on it” led to a solution. Does sleep indeed promote problem solving? Laypersons and scientists alike often report that a solution to a problem may come to mind after having taken a break from thinking about the problem. Does incubation really work? Select a theoretical view/model of problem solving (e.g., Gestalt psychology, information processing approach, etc.). What is the evidence that supports it? What evidence, if any, does not fit the model? Are experts better at solving problems than non-experts? If so, what is responsible for experts’ superior performance? Is their superiority general or limited to their field of expertise? Are there individual differences in problem-solving abilities? For instance, is working memory’s capacity linked to one’s ability to solve problems? After you select a topic, Google Scholar and review the literature on problem solving. Then select a research article that answers the questions related to the selected topic. Finally, share the evidence you have uncovered and your critical examination of such evidence with the class. Your initial post must be a minimum of 300 words. Peer 1 Laypersons and scientists alike often report that a solution to a problem may come to mind after taking a break from thinking about the problem. Does incubation work? To answer this prompt, I would have to take many critics against it or take it as a conjunction. According to Smith 1995, he states that “taking a break after impasse from the problem can provide better insight on a problem.” According to the APA, taking a step back or taking a break from a problem in a nonconscious or semiconscious state is referred to as “incubation.” In my opinion, taking incubation time is a great way to solve problems. As an MLT (medical laboratory technician), we must incubate many specimens to observe what bacteria affects the patient. The same concept applies to problem-solving or finding insight into a problem. Select a theoretical view/model of problem-solving (e.g., Gestalt psychology, information processing approach, etc.). What is the evidence that supports it? What evidence, if any, does not fit the model? The model I choose is back from my Army days. Being an Automated Logistic specialist or 92A, I started in a warehouse and then moved Battalion level SPO. Much of the logistics happen for moving and transporting vehicles and equipment in and out of combat zones. We there use Lean Six Sigma applications; one I can recall is DMAIC (define, measure, analyze, improve and control). Define is identifying the problem, the measure is to assess the pros and cons of the problems, analyze is the value of the problem, improve is to develop an action plan to solve the problem. Control is to execute according to plan. Lean six sigma has many years and plenty of fortune 500 companies as a batch of honor (99.997% success rate, Anthony & Banuelas, 2002). Although applying this in Psychology can be difficult because it is not known in that study area. Are experts better at solving problems than non-experts? If so, what is responsible for experts’ superior performance? Is their superiority general or limited to their field of expertise? I want to say yes. Experts have more knowledge, resources, and time studies their expertise to assess problems more critically than a non-expert. Many experts have studied, practiced, and worked in their field of expertise. I don’t think an expert is superior but a gender differential. Men and women approach problems differently, and I believe that can make the approach different. Are there individual differences in problem-solving abilities? For instance, is working memory’s capacity linked to one’s ability to solve problems? To answer this prompt, let me explain working memory. Working memory is the retention of small amounts of information readily accessible (Cowan N. (2014). There can be differences in individuals. People with disability may have a more challenging time accessing their working memory than others. Working memory helps individuals focus on the task at hand, Wiley, J., & Jarosz, A. F. (2012). I can only assume from information gathered that working memory affects problem-solving Peer 2 Laypersons and scientists alike often report that after having tried to solve a problem for an entire day, “sleeping on it” led to a solution. Does sleep indeed promote problem solving? Sleep does lead to better problem-solving ability. This is due to the having clarity from being well rested. Kristin Sanders, a lead author on the study reported in Psychological Science suggest “ We know that people rehearse or ‘consolidate’ memories during sleep, strengthening and reorganizing them,” “It’s also known that this natural process can be boosted by playing sounds associated with the information being rehearsed” (2019). It has been noted that sleep alone will not solve problems, and past experience is the most important factor to making good decisions. Having previous knowledge allows one to make the best choice and allows us to build on knowledge. Are experts better at solving problems than non-experts? If so, what is responsible for experts’ superior performance? Is their superiority general or limited to their field of expertise? Experts have more knowledge on how the brain works and have access to tools and people who novice thinkers do not. An expert may only be qualified in a certain area, but due to interconnections they have access to others who may hold the answer in another area or field of study. Are there individual differences in problem-solving abilities? For instance, is working memory’s capacity linked to one’s ability to solve problems? If I am understanding the question correctly, there are different ways of thinking or different types of thinking, for instance when one uses reasoning it can be from deduction or induction. According to Jennifer Wiley and Andrew Jarosz “ One of the main ways in which working memory capacity, benefits analytic problem solving seems to be that it helps problem solvers to control their attention, resist distraction, and narrow their search through a problem space” (2012).
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