The Origin Of The Tqm Movement Management EssayThe origin of the TQM movement dates back to the early 20th Century when Walter Shewart, in the early 1920s, first introduced the concept of statistical process control to monitor quality in mass production manufacturing (Shewart, 1931). This was followed by many quality management gurus and practitioners who all advocated various approaches to TQM.Crosby (1979), the four absolutes, Deming (1986), fourteen points, Feigenbaum (1993), total quality control, Ishikawa (1985), quality control circles, Juran et al. (1988), quality triology and Taguchi (1986), loss function, have prescribed different techniques and organizational requirements for effective implementation of TQM. Most of scholars agree that a turning point in the history of quality occurred in Japan after World War 2.Japanese industry was completely destroyed and had to be rebuilt from the ground floor. A number of Americans went to Japan and helped the Japanese build and operate modern manufacturing facilities. Since then, Total Quality Management (TQM) has become among the most commonly used management philosophy. As a change management tool, TQM has been well accepted by managers (Huczynski, 1993).TQM is being emphasized as a new management model (Grant et al., 1994; Witcher, 1995). Most TQM authors (Bounds et al., 1994; Hill and Wilkinson, 1995) recognize TQM as integrated elements of forwarding quality management eras, particularly the contributions of Shewhart, Deming, Juran and Feigenbaum. Thus, TQM has evolved into a philosophy incorporating the hard aspects of quality management and also soft aspects.This paper will present and explain the total quality management (TQM) based on two books, which are called Quality through People: A Blueprint for Proactive total quality management written by Jon Choppin (1991) and Fundamentals of Management written by Danny Samson and Richard L.Draft (2009).We will examine the TQM based on different experts’ opinion from other references whether to support or disagree to Jon Choppin and Danny Samson, Richard L. Draft.Based on Jon Choppin (1991), quality must be customer orientated, included the customer requirements, critical to customer’s expectation, and be subject to constant dialogue. This concept is supported by Feigenbaum. According to Feigenbaum (1983), he define the term of total quality management (TQM) as an effective system for integrating the quality based improvement of the various groups in an organization so as to enable marketing, engineering, production, and service at the most economical levels which allow for full customer satisfaction. Feigenbaum’s definition is based on the customer approach which aiming to perform the quality by fulfilling customer’s needs. Oakland (1993) calls TQM a system of managing to improve effectiveness, flexibility and competitiveness of a business to meet customers’ n
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