The following group of questions all refer to the Figures 1A, 1B, and 1C below. These figures show the production and cost functions of a single firm which produces output (Q) using one input, labor (L). There is no capital and thus no fixed cost. Total cost is therefore just the cost of hiring labor.1. If production is efficient, how much labor is needed to produce 80 unitsof output?a. 30 c. 100b. 60 d. NOTA (“None of the Above”)2. The marginal product of labor (MPL) is at a maximum at which point onthe production function Figure 1A?a. A c. Cb. B d. NOTA3. The point B in Figure 1A is equivalent to which point in Figure 1C?a. I c. Mb. J d. NOTA4. The average cost (AC) of producing 80 units of output is how large (i.e.what is its numerical value)?a. 10 c. 12.5b. 25 d. NOTA5. Marginal cost equals average cost at what level of labor input?a. 30 c. 100b. 60 d. NOTA6. When the price of output is $25.00 per unit, how much output would beproduced by a profit maximizing firm?a. 24 c. 80b. 60 d. NOTA9. When the price of output is $25.00 per unit, how much profit would aprofit maximizing firm earn by operating at the optimal level of output?a. $0 c. $2000b. $900 d. NOTA (1000)10. The firm’s supply curve of output is determined by which of thefollowing curve segments?a. the marginal cost curve above the point Jb. the marginal cost curve above the point Ic. the average cost curve above the point Jd. NOTA11. If the price were to fall from $25.00 to $10.00 per unit, how muchprofit would the profit maximizing firm earn?a. $0 c. $600b. $150 d. NOTA12. If a technological innovation were to shift the production function inFigure 1A upward, the cost functions in Figure 1C would shifta. upward c. become flatb. downward d. NOTA Figure 1A Figure 1BFigure 1CQuestion Group IIThe following set of questions refer to the figure and table below. A firm makes VCRs using the technology represented by the isoquant map in the figure. This figure indicates the amounts of capital and labor needed produced various amounts of VCR. The return to capital, r, is $20 per unit of capital and the wage, w, is $10 per unit of labor. The firm selects the point a in the figure, and the data relevant for this point are shown in the first line of Table 1.TABLE_______________________________________________________________________r w K L Q TC AC P_______________________________________________________________________Point a 20 10 10 36 200 560 2.8 2.8Point b 20 20 20 20 200 800 4.0 4.0Point c 20 20 10 10 100 ? ? ?_______________________________________________________________________1. You can tell by looking at table or figure above that production takesplace undera. decreasing returns to scaleb. constant returns to scalec. increasing returns to scaled. average cost is U-shaped2. Points a and b in the figure are points at whicha. profit is equalb. cost is equalc. output is equald. NOTA3. Long-run marginal cost at point a isa. greater than average costb. equal to average costc. less than average costd. indeterminateSuppose, now, that the firm’s work force becomes unionized, and that the wage rate rises to $20. The wage increase causes the firm’s costs to rise and the price of VCRs rises to $4. At the new price and wage, the firm selects the point c in Figure 3.4. After the wage increase, the firm’s average cost isa. $2.00 c. $4.00b. $2.80 d. NOTA5. After the wage increase, the firm uses how much labor?a. 10 c. 36b. 20 d. NOTAQuestion Group IIIThe figure below shows the cost functions of U.S. wine producing firms (Panel A) and German wine producers (Panel B). The U.S. firms are initially excluded from the German wine market.1. With U.S. firms excluded from the German market, competition amongGerman producers in the wine industry will cause the long-run price of wines in Germany to bea. 10 c. 20b. 14 d. NOTA2. With U.S. firms excluded from the German market, competition amongGerman producers in the wine industry will cause the long-run profit earned by each individual German firm to bea. 0 c. 144b. 36 d. NOTA3. With U.S. firms excluded from the German market, competition amongGerman producers in the wine industry will lead to a long-run supply curve of the wine in Germany that isa. upward slopingb. flatc. U-shapedd. NOTASuppose, now, that Germany signs a limited free-trade agreement with the U.S. allows just one U.S. wine producer to enter the German wine market. The tariff on U.S. wines is abolished for this one U.S. producer. The cost structure of this U.S. firm is shown in Panel A of Figure 4.4. Suppose that the U.S. firm sets a price for its wine is equal to 14.Each German wine producer will respond to this price in the short run byproducing how many units of wine?a. 0 c. 24b. 20 d. NOTA5. Suppose that the U.S. firm sets a price for its wine is equal to 14.Each German wine producer will respond to this price in the long run byproducing how many units of wine?a. 0 c. 24b. 20 d. NOTA6. If German firms restructure themselves and lower their costs to meet theprice (14) set by the U.S. firm. By how much must the German averagecost be reduced in order to make the German wine producers competitivewith the U.S. firm?a. 7 per unit c. 14 per unitb. 8 per unit d. NOTA (6)7. If German firms restructure themselves and lower their costs to meet theprice (14) set by the U.S. firm. How much total profit will the U.S.producer earn in the long run at this price?a. 0 c. 800b. 300 d. NOTA8. If German firms restructure themselves and lower their costs to meet the price (14) set by the U.S. firm. How much total profit will each German producer earn in the long run at this price?a. 0 c. 800b. 300 d. NOTAQuestion Group IVThe following two figures shown the Edgeworth Box and Contract Curve (Panel A) and the Utility Possibility Frontier and Social Welfare Function (Panel B) of the following situation: Adam has an endowment of 5 apples and no honey, and Eve an endowment of has 9 units of honey and no apples. The two have to decide how much (if any) of their endowments to trade with each other. Society has to decide of the trades are satisfy social values about poverty.Panel A Panel B1. At which point in Panel A and B are Adam and Eve initially located,before any trades are made?a. e c. db. b d. NOTA2. Both Adam and Eve are better off at pointsa. a c. cb. b d. d3. If Adam were able to drive his best bargain, she would propose whichpoint to Tony?a. a c. cb. b d. d4. Which point in Panel B corresponds to the point d in Panel A?a. a c. cb. b d. NOTA (e)5. Which point in Panels A and B corresponds are a competitive equilibrium?a. a c. cb. b d. NOTA6. Which points in Panels A and B are a social optimum?a. a c. cb. b d. NOTA7. The point b in Panel A isa. Pareto Optimal and socially optimalb. Pareto Optimal but not socially optimalc. Not Pareto Optimal and not socially optimald. NOTAQuestion Group VThe figure below depicts the situation of an industry that becomes monopolized by a single producer. 1. A competitive industry would operate at which point in the figure?a. A c. Cb. B d. NOTA2. The monopolist produces at which quantity of output in the figure?a. 4 c. 16b. 8 d. NOTA3. The monopolist charges what price?a. 8 c. 16b. 12 d. NOTA4. The monopolist product makes how much profit?a. 0 c. 16b. 8 d. NOTA5. What is consumer surplus at the monopoly price and quantity of output?a. 0 c. 32b. 16 d. NOTA (8)6. What is the dead weight loss at the monopoly price and quantity ofoutput?a. 4 c. 16b. 8 d. NOTA
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