Learning objectives: By the end of this presentation you will be able to…
distinguish between the various meanings of “multitasking” and identify the one meaning that requires divided attention.
describe the dual-task paradigm and findings regarding the conditions under which dual-task performance increases; what do these conditions suggest about the reality of “divided attention?” Discuss the distinction between competence and confidence at multitasking.
describe the “task-switching paradigm” and findings regarding the “cost” of task-switching; what do these findings suggest about the reality of “divided attention?”
apply what you’ve learned about multitasking to the use of cell phones in cars and in class.
Divided Attention: Multitasking
Divided Attention: Multitasking
I. Divided Attention & Multitasking: A Paradox?
Divided attention means consciously attending to two things simultaneously. Our ability to “multitask” would seem to suggest that attention can be divided. But research and theories of attention, which we have considered, suggest that attention is not divisible. This is the apparent paradox we must resolve.
Multitasking is variously defined as performing two tasks simultaneously (dual-task), or switching back and forth between tasks (task-switching). Only the former requires divided attention.
Divided Attention: Multitasking
I. Divided Attention & Multitasking: A Paradox?
II. Findings From Research Using the
dual-task interference, demonstrated by performance deficits in the component tasks, is thought to be a proof of capacity limitation.
Confidence vs Competence at Multitasking
III. Findings From Research Using the
the “cost” of multitasking
IV. The Role of Expertise
In Video Game Practice Optimizes Executive Control Skills In Dual-Task and Task-Switching Situations,” researchers found performance advantages for experienced video gamers compared to non-gamers in both dual-task and task switching paradigms
IV. Applying Lessons Learned
Cell Phone in the Car (is driving simple/automatic?
Cell Phones in the Class (is learning simple/automatic?)
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