Diagnosis And Management Of Genitourinary Disorders Week 6
Many genitourinary (GU) disorders such as kidney disease begin developing during childhood and adolescence (Johns Hopkins Children’s Center, 2010). This early onset of disease makes it essential for you, as the advanced practice nurse caring for pediatric patients, to identify potential signs and symptoms. Although some pediatric GU disorders require long-term treatment and management, other disorders such as bedwetting or urinary tract infections are more common and frequently require only minor interventions. In your role with pediatric patients, you must evaluate symptoms and determine whether to treat patients or refer them for specialized care. For this Discussion, consider potential diagnoses, treatment, and/or referral options for the patients in the following three case studies.
Case Study 1
You see a 3-year-old with a 2-day history of complaints of dysuria with frequent episodes of enuresis despite potty training about 7 months ago. She is afebrile and denies vomiting. Physical examination is normal. Dipstick voided urine analysis reveals: specific gravity 1.015, Protein 1+ non-hemolyzed blood, 1+ nitrites, 1+ leukocytes, and glucose-negative.
Case Study 2
Mark is a 15-year-old with complaint of acute left scrotal pain with nausea. The pain began approximately 6 hours ago as a dull ache and has gradually worsened to where he can no longer stand without doubling over. He is afebrile and in marked pain. Physical exam is negative except for elevation of the left testicle, diffuse scrotal edema, and the presence of a blue dot sign.
Case Study 3
Maya is a 5-year-old who presents for a well-child visit. She is a healthy child with no complaints. Physical examination is normal. Routine urinalysis indicates 2+ proteinuria; specific gravity 1.020; negative for glucose, blood, leukocytes, and nitrites. Her blood pressure is normal, and she is at the 60th percentile for height and weight.
To prepare:
Review “Genitourinary Disorders” in the Burns et al. text.
Review and select one of the three provided case studies. Analyze the patient information.
Consider a differential diagnosis for the patient in the case study you selected. Think about the most likely diagnosis for the patient.
Think about a treatment and management plan for the patient. Be sure to consider appropriate dosages for any recommended pharmacologic and/or non-pharmacologic treatments.
Consider strategies for educating patients and families on the treatment and management of the genitourinary disorder.
By Day 3
Post an explanation of the differential diagnosis for the patient in the case study you selected. Explain which is the most likely diagnosis for the patient and why. Include an explanation of unique characteristics of the disorder you identified as the primary diagnosis. Then, explain a treatment and management plan for the patient, including appropriate dosages for any recommended treatments. Finally, explain strategies for educating patients and families on the treatment and management of the genitourinary disorder.
You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.
Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.
Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.
The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.
Genitourinary disorders are common, with over 50 million people in the United States affected by genitourinary disorders. Unfortunately, many patients are diagnosed and treated inappropriately because they don’t understand the underlying causes of their symptoms. This article aims to provide you with an overview of the diagnosis and management of genitourinary disorders.
The diagnosis of genitourinary disorders is typically established from the history, physical examination and laboratory studies.
Urinalysis is particularly useful in the diagnosis of urinary disease. The urinalysis will reveal:
The causes of genitourinary disorders can be broadly classified into two major categories – bacterial and neoplastic etiologies.
Bacterial causes of genitourinary disorders include:
Nephrotic syndrome is one example of a neoplastic etiology; it occurs when your kidneys don’t work properly because they’re not filtering out waste properly.
The genitourinary system encompasses all of the male reproductive organs and is responsible for producing, storing and excreting urine. Urologic problems such as prostatic hypertrophy and urinary tract obstruction commonly lead to genitourinary disorders. This can be caused by a number of factors including:
Genitourinary disorders can be acute or chronic in nature. Acute genitourinary disorders are often caused by infections, trauma or inflammation; chronic genitourinary disorders are often caused by neoplasms, metabolic diseases or congenital malformations.
Genitourinary disorders are common and can be life-threatening. They are often associated with systemic diseases such as diabetes, so it is important to identify these as soon as possible if you have any symptoms of illness. Understanding the various causes of genitourinary disease is essential for accurate diagnosis and management in order to reduce morbidity and mortality rates resulting from this condition
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