https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/diode.htm
Answer the following:
Why do some materials conduct electricity/current, why do some materials insulate from electricity/current, and why do some materials semi-conduct electricity/current?
What you believe to be the most amazing use of semi-conductor technology (this could include mini, micro, and nanotechnology) in use today, or being developed for future uses. List the Internet, and other resources.
Electrons are the basic unit of charge in physics. They’re like tiny particles that can travel through a material, changing its electrical resistance (the ability of something to absorb or give off energy). Electrons flow through materials based on their DC resistance (resistance to the flow of electrons). Some conductors are good at moving electrons, and others are not so good. Materials that conduct electricity are metal oxides, metals and semiconductors (usually in the form of a crystal structure). Insulators don’t allow electrical current to flow through them. Nonmetal materials with a crystalline structure can be used as insulators. Examples include glass, plastic, rubber and tar.; these substances may have low resistance but they can be used well because they don’t let power pass through them easily.”
There are different kinds of electricity. Electrical current is the flow of electrons, which causes atoms to move in a direction that can be measured and used for work (like powering an electric car). Electrical resistance is the ability of a material to stop or slow down the flow of electrons. This can be measured by putting two different metals together under tension and measuring how fast they displace each other when voltage is applied on one end while current passes through them at low speeds (slow-moving currents). Insulation refers to materials that don’t allow current through them easily — they’re good at stopping or slowing down high-speed electrical charges from passing through easily, but not so great at letting low-speed ones pass through easily either!
In order to understand this, we need to know what DC resistance is.
DC resistance is a measure of how difficult it is for an electric current (electrical charge) to flow through a material. The higher the DC resistance, the harder it is for electrons to move through that material. This can be measured in units of ohms per metre (the SI unit), or else in units of volts per metre (the CGS unit).
Conductors are materials that allow electrons to flow through them. There are two ways to think about it: One is DC resistance (resistance to the flow of electrons). A conductor with low DC resistance lets current flow easily, while one with high DC resistance will resist current flow. The other way conductors can be distinguished is by their ability to transport charge or work in electrical circuits. Some materials are good at moving charges; others aren’t so good.
Material types tend to have different properties depending on whether they conduct electricity well or poorly
Materials that conduct electricity are metal oxides, metals and semiconductors (usually in the form of a crystal structure).
Metals are good conductors because they have high electrical conductivity. They can also be used as insulators if you remove any surface defects such as impurities or tarnish. Metals are mainly used for making electrical components like wires, resistors and diodes.
Semiconductors are materials which do not allow electrons to flow easily through them but let them flow easily when an electric current is applied on it by placing it under an electric field (i.e., they have some bandgap energy). Semiconductors include: gallium arsenide; silicon carbide; gallium nitride; indium phosphide
Insulators don’t allow electrical current to flow through them. They are nonconductors, meaning they do not allow the flow of electrons.
Insulators are also called dielectrics, which means they have little or no ability to conduct electricity (or heat). Some examples of insulators include glass, rubber and plastic. While some materials can be made into semiconductors by adding impurities like sulfur or selenium at high temperatures (see below), these are not true insulators because they still allow some current to pass through them—they just don’t let as much pass through them as pure insulators would under the same conditions!
Nonmetal materials with a crystalline structure can be used as insulators. Examples include glass, plastic, rubber and tar. These substances may have low resistance but they can be used well because they don’t let power pass through them easily. In fact, some nonmetals are actually less conductive than metals themselves!
I hope this article has helped you understand the basics of electricity and its properties. If you want to learn more, I encourage you to check out our other articles on the subject.
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