Anatomical and Physiological Fundamentals of Human Motion

Anatomical and Physiological Fundamentals of Human Motion

Select a topic from below and write a 250 word (1/2 pg single-spaced, 1pg double-spaced) answer discussing it.

· Include details about the bones, joints, muscles, and ligaments in the anatomy portion of the essay. (25pts)

· Write a separate paragraph discussing the ROM and related movements. (15pts)

1. The Spinal Column (NOT spinal  cord) & related movements

2. The Thorax & related movements

3. The Upper Extremities & ROM

4. The Anatomy of the Hip joint & ROM

5. The Anatomy of the Knee joint & ROM

6. The Anatomy of the Ankle joint & ROM

*Read another group member’s answer and reflect on what you have learned in a few sentences. (10pts) （I will send this to you after individual response）

Anatomical and Physiological Fundamentals of Human Motion

Introduction

Humans are complex beings who utilize multiple systems of movement to move through their environment. They have the ability to move rapidly, but also use force and precision to achieve the desired result. Humans have the ability to control their body’s position using muscles and bones within their skeleton, as well as nerves controlling both voluntary control of movement (such as when we stretch or flex) and involuntary control (such as breathing). Our neuromuscular system controls all voluntary movements: flexing your knee is controlled by a motor neuron signal from your brainstem down through spinal cord segments S3-S4; contracting these muscle fibers causes those neurons firing which then excites another set of spinal cord neurons that cause contraction in another set of muscles resulting in flexion at your knee joint – this process continues up into higher levels until finally reaching voluntary motor cortex area where decision making takes place resulting in final movement commands being sent out via spinal cord

Skeletal System

The skeletal system is the framework of your body. Bones are the main component of this framework, and they are connected by joints. Joints allow movement between bones, allowing for motion in all directions (e.g., up-and-down).

In addition to connecting bones together, ligaments connect one bone to another at a joint; tendons connect muscles and other tissues (like skin or blood vessels) to bones; periosteum covers the outer surface of each bone but does not attach directly to it; and marrow is found inside each long bone except for those in your skull (these have no marrow).

Muscular System

The muscular system is the engine that drives all movement. Muscles are muscles, and they’re attached to bones by tendons. They have three parts: voluntary muscles (also called “proprioceptors”), which we can control; involuntary ones that do not need our control; and the connective tissue between them called fascia.

Voluntary Muscle Types

Voluntary muscle types are divided into four categories: abdominal muscles (via diaphragm); flexors (biceps brachii), extensors (triceps brachii) and rotators (tibialis anterior). All four of these types contract at different speeds when you move your arm or leg respectively. Each type also has its own specific movement pattern: an example would be raising your arm above your head where you’ll use any combination of flexor/extensor movements to raise your arm up in front of you then using some combination of biceps brachii extension/flexion but mostly muscle contraction occurs on one side only due to how much weight is being applied through each limb – unless someone else was helping push down on their shoulders so both arms could go up together!

Neuromuscular System

The nervous system is divided into two parts: central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS consists of all other nerves in your body.

The main functions of these systems are to transmit information between one part of an organ or organ system and another part; they also work together to regulate what happens within an organ or organ system. For example: if you want to move your arm up above your head, this requires activation from both your brain AND spinal cord; however, if only one area has been stimulated then no movement will occur.

Flexible and Rigid Bones

Bones are rigid in some areas and flexible in others. The skull is an example of a bone that is rigid, while the sternum and vertebrae are examples of bones that are flexible.

The ribs, pelvic girdle (hip and pelvis), upper extremities, etc., are all examples of skeletal structures which exhibit varying degrees of flexibility at different points along their length or widths

Trunk, Pelvis and Lumbar Spine

The lumbar spine is the largest and strongest part of your trunk. It’s also responsible for supporting most of your upper body weight as well as distributing it to other parts of the body.

The pelvis is an important part of this system because it connects both ends together: the head to foot, and feet to legs. If you have any problems with these connections, it will affect how well you can move freely or support yourself when standing up from a sitting position or lying down on your back or stomach (more on this later).

The lumbar vertebrae are located between where our backbone joins (at mid-thigh), giving us flexibility in movement while standing upright without having too much stress placed on them by heavier objects such as furniture pushed against them during everyday activities like walking down stairs etcetera…

Core Stability Posture and Movement

Core stability is the ability to maintain an appropriate position in space, regardless of external forces. The core consists of all muscles that stabilize your spine, including your abdominals and lower back. As you can see from the diagram below, most people have weak or overdeveloped abdominals while they have underdeveloped or weak lower backs.

The only way to correct this imbalance is through regular exercises that strengthen both sides equally (i.e., alternating between side-to-side and front-to-back). These exercises will also help improve posture by strengthening the entire kinetic chain—or movement pattern—from head down through every joint within our bodies! They’re also great for injury prevention because they work out many muscles simultaneously without putting weight on one area at a time like running does; instead we’re working on both sides simultaneously so there’s less chance for injury when doing something like jumping up onto something higher than ourselves (such as jumping into water) where gravity could cause us problems later down road!”

Humans are complex beings who utilize multiple systems of movement to move through their environment

Humans are complex beings who utilize multiple systems of movement to move through their environment. Some examples of human movement systems include skeletal, muscular, neuromuscular and flexible and rigid bones.

Skeletal system: The skeleton is composed of tensile bones (bones that can be stressed without breaking) connected by supportive ligaments. The three main joints on the skeleton are at the pelvis, shoulder girdle and hip joint

Conclusion

The human body is a complex machine that relies on the integration of many different systems. The goal of this article was to provide an overview of the anatomical and physiological fundamentals of human motion, including how our skeleton and muscles work together with our nervous system to allow us to move through space.