W3 Discussion 2
Once you have finished all of the required reading, post an answer to the discussion prompts for your chosen Discussion Board topic. Make sure you identify in the subject line which topic you are addressing.
Your initial post should be roughly 250 words and you should address the specific materials assigned, citing your sources appropriately. Remember that at the center of our Discussion Board work is the interpretation of primary sources. Once you have posted your initial post, please respond substantively to at least two other students. Thereafter your instructor will guide the conversation.
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Topic 1: The Song Dynasty
Required Reading:
Kevin Reilly, The Human Journey, Chapter 5
Website: The Song Dynasty in China – (click on the links in the categories of Economic Revolution, Technology, Cities, Confucianism, and Outside World, at the top of the webpage)
Website: Song Dynasty Art (960-1279), History, Types and Characteristics –
Discussion Prompts:
After reading Chapter 5 and the material at the websites, and viewing the video, please make a 250-word initial post that answers the following questions:
Considering artistic style and subject matter, what insights do the paintings give you into the concerns, hopes, and preoccupations of Song China during the Northern and Southern dynasties? What do you find most striking about each painting? Why? What might be limits to using art to understand the concerns, hopes, and preoccupations of a society? Analyze one pictorial image from the Northern Song and the Southern Song dynasties below to answer these questions about the primary sources.
Northern Song:
Palace Banquet –
Summer Mountains –
The Classic of Filial Piety –
Southern Song:
Emperor Xuanzong’s Flight to Shu –
Viewing plum blossoms by moonlight –
Poet strolling by a marshy bank –
Song Dynasty paintings are a rich source of information about life during this period. They provide an opportunity to study the concerns, hopes, and preoccupations of Song China and how these were reflected in art. Song dynasty art is known for its idealization of beauty and harmony; however, there were other factors at play as well.
The paintings are personal, intimate and emotional. They are about the Emperor’s relationship with his family, subjects and ministers.
The Emperor is depicted as a father figure who cares for his people by providing them with food and shelter. The paintings also show how he listens to their problems and helps them solve them when they need help or advice. In one painting, we see how he listens intently while an elderly couple tells him about their difficulties in raising their son who has been diagnosed with Down Syndrome (DS). He shows great empathy for this couple because he knows what it feels like when someone close to you has DS (or any other condition) because he himself had DS when he was young!
The first emperor is depicted as a benevolent ruler who cares about his people. He is depicted as an honest father, husband and ruler. The painting shows that he was a good ruler who cared about the well being of his people during this time period.
The Second Emperor’s Appearance:
This painting is a portrait of the second emperor in his prime. He was a military leader, scholar, poet and painter. The clothes he chose to wear were quite revealing. They revealed his status as an important personage in society at that time. The style of dress he wore reflected the different styles that were popular during this period: silk slippers (for men), short trousers (for women), loose-fitting garments around the waistline known as “dango” or “bamboo shorts,” which were often worn by men but not always; long robes worn over one shoulder with another draped over one arm for warmth; tall hats made from animal fur or straw which covered about half their heads along with other accessories like belts used to hold up their robes or sweaters made from tanned leather hides attached to keep them warm during cold weather when they ventured outside without jackets but still wanted something covering their bodies while indoors near fireplaces where there might be drafts blowing through walls due too large gaps between doors sealing out drafts coming through windows facing southward so people felt cozy inside homes built close together facing northward where temperatures would remain warmer than those found closer inland toward mountains blocking sunlight causing people residing far away from mountain peaks like those living on islands near China’s coastline
The third emperor is dressed in a white robe and holding a fan. He is also holding a lotus flower, which symbolizes purity and love.
He’s holding a book, which suggests that he values knowledge above all else. The bowl of rice at his side represents abundance–a good thing for anyone to have on hand when they don’t know where their next meal will come from!
One of the most striking paintings in this group is The Fourth Emperor’s Appearance. This work shows an emperor (possibly Qin Shi Huang) surrounded by his ministers and courtiers. In the center of the painting, he wears a crown and cape with five feathers on top of his head; these feathers represent his ability to rule over all of China. At left is a woman holding an umbrella over him as she kneels at his feet; she is likely one of his wives or concubines who has just been given permission to enter this space (the fourth emperor was known for having many wives).
In addition to being painted by different artists from different eras, all four paintings share certain elements that allow us to compare them across time periods:
In the Song Dynasty, loyalty was a key value. Loyalty was shown in the way people dressed and behaved; it was shown in their treatment of their families and friends; it was also evident in their relationship with teachers. In fact, loyalty could be seen as an extension of familial love. As such, it is no surprise that many of these paintings focus on themes pertaining to family relationships: marriage (as evidenced by marital portraits), parenting (such as depictions of children), siblingship and friendship–all elements which are central parts of many human lives throughout history!
Moralization is the process of transforming an abstract concept into a concrete image. It can be done to make something more familiar, so that it is easier to understand and remember.
In these paintings, we can see how Song China used moralization as a way to make its rulers more handsome and powerful than their predecessors. By using art to show how they were better than their predecessors, they showed that they deserved their power over them–and even over heaven itself!
Song Dynasty paintings provide a window into the concerns of this period. The concerns of this period were personal and political, social and economic, spiritual and religious, military and military tactics. Below are some important points about Song Dynasty paintings that may shed light on your understanding of this period:
In conclusion, we hope you’ve enjoyed our exploration and that it has provided insight into the concerns, hopes and preoccupations of Song China during this period. We can learn much from their paintings about how people felt about themselves and their society at this time.
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