Nutrition & Hydration/Persistent Vegetative State (PVS)

Nutrition & Hydration/Persistent Vegetative State (PVS)

After studying the course materials located on page, answer the following:

Cure / care: compare and contrast.
Basic care: Nutrition, hydration, shelter, human interaction.
- Are we morally obliged to this? Why? Example
Swallow test, describe; when is it indicated?
When is medically assisted N/H indicated?
- Briefly describe Enteral Nutrition (EN), including:
  - NJ tube
  - NG tube
  - PEG
- Briefly describe Parenteral Nutrition (PN), including:
  - a. Total parenteral nutrition
  - b. Partial parenteral nutrition
Bioethical analysis of N/H; state the basic principle and briefly describe the two exceptions.
Case Study: Terry Schiavo (EXCEL FILE on page). Provide a bioethical analysis of her case; should we continue with the PEG or not? Why yes or why not?
Read and summarize ERD paragraphs #: 32, 33, 34, 56, 57, 58.

Submission Instructions:

The paper is to be clear and concise and students will lose points for improper grammar, punctuation, and misspelling.
If references are used, please cite properly according to the current APA style.
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WEEK 7: NUTRITION AND HYDRATION /PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE (PVS)
Module 7
Watch:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yxIRjW9x7w&t=3437s BIO 603 3 24 18
ERD 32, 33, 34, 56, 57, 58
1. Cure / care: compare and contrast.
2. Basic care: Nutrition, hydration, shelter, human interaction.
a. Are we morally obliged to this? Why?
3. Swallow test, describe; when is it indicated?
4. When is medically assisted N/H indicated?
a. Briefly describe Enteral Nutrition (EN), including:
i. NJ tube
ii. NG tube
iii. PEG
b. Briefly describe Parenteral Nutrition (PN), including:

KEY TAKEAWAYS BEFORE ATTEMPTING THIS ASSIGNMENT

With the advancement of medical science, the topic of nutrition and hydration in relation to the persistent vegetative state (PVS) has become increasingly complex. This essay will explore the three areas of nutrition and hydration in PVS patients; analyzing the effectiveness of nutrition and hydration in extending the lifespan of patients, exploring the ethical challenges of withholding nutrition and hydration in PVS patients, and examining the benefits and drawbacks of implementing nutritional and hydration protocols in PVS patients.

The issue of nutrition and hydration in prolonging the life of patients in a persistent vegetative state has been heavily discussed in recent years. In 2006, P Clark wrote an article on Christian Bioethics which discussed the subject in detail. According to Clark, there are key questions that need to be answered when considering the effectiveness of nutrition and hydration in extending the lifespan of patients in a persistent vegetative state. These questions include understanding the patient’s condition, the patient’s mental and physical states, the patient’s preferences and the resources available. Furthermore, Clark argues that the medical team must assess the patient’s condition and decide if the benefits of providing nutrition and hydration outweigh the risks. Despite the complexities of the situation, Clark notes that there is a moral obligation to provide nutrition and hydration to patients in a persistent vegetative state, with the aim of prolonging their lives. In conclusion, Clark’s article highlights the importance of understanding the ethical, moral and legal implications of nutrition and hydration in prolonging the life of patients in a persistent vegetative state. It is clear that nutrition and hydration can be an effective method of extending the lifespan of patients in a persistent vegetative state, but it is important to consider the individual circumstances of each patient before making a decision. (P Clark, 2006).

The ethical implications of withholding nutrition and hydration from persistent vegetative state (PVS) patients have been a source of debate for many years. In his 1994 article in the Journal of Medical Ethics, GM Craig outlines the ethical considerations of withholding nutrition and hydration from these patients, which include both beneficence and autonomy. On the one hand, Craig argues that the medical profession has an ethical obligation to provide the patient with the best possible medical treatment, which includes the provision of nutrition and hydration. On the other hand, Craig acknowledges that in some cases, such as when a patient has no chance of recovering from the PVS, providing nutrition and hydration may be seen more as a form of prolonging suffering than of providing medical care. He emphasizes the importance of considering the ethical principles of beneficence and autonomy and determining what is in the best interest of the patient, which may involve withholding nutrition and hydration in some cases. Ultimately, Craig states that the decision to withhold nutrition and hydration should be made on a case-by-case basis and with careful consideration of all the ethical implications.

There is much debate surrounding the implementation of nutritional and hydration protocols for patients in a persistent vegetative state. In a study conducted by V Saoût et al. in 2010, the authors examined the benefits and drawbacks of such protocols. They found that, although providing nutrition and hydration for such patients can be beneficial in terms of maintaining a patient’s physical health, it can also be a source of physical discomfort, such as pain and nausea, as well as psychological distress (Saoût et al., 2010). Additionally, the authors noted that providing nutrition and hydration to patients in a persistent vegetative state can be a financial burden on their families and healthcare providers. This is because such protocols may be costly and require a great deal of time and effort (Saoût et al., 2010). Furthermore, the authors concluded that, in some cases, providing nutrition and hydration to patients in a persistent vegetative state may be inhumane and a violation of the patient’s autonomy and rights. This is because it may not be in line with the patient’s wishes and can prolong their suffering (Saoût et al., 2010). In conclusion, although providing nutrition and hydration to patients in a persistent vegetative state can be beneficial, it is important to carefully consider the potential risks and benefits before implementing such protocols.

Nutrition and hydration play a critical role in maintaining an adequate level of physical health, especially for those in a persistent vegetative state. Due to being unable to adequately care for food and fluid intake themselves, the quality of care is of the utmost importance to ensure their diet and fluid intake remain at the necessary level to maintain health. In those that are medically vulnerable and incapacitated, such as in a persistent vegetative state, adequate nutrition and hydration can make all the difference in the quality of their care and survival.

Work Cited

“Tube feedings and persistent vegetative state patients: ordinary or extraordinary means?.”https://academic.oup.com/cb/article-abstract/12/1/43/409007

“Patients in a permanent vegetative state or minimally conscious state in the Maine-et-Loire county of France: a cross-sectional, descriptive study.”https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877065710000035

“On withholding nutrition and hydration in the terminally ill: has palliative medicine gone too far?.”https://jme.bmj.com/content/20/3/139.short

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