Running head: DISCUSSION 1
DISCUSSION 1
Discussion: Factors that Influence Diseases
Student’s Name
Institution
Date
Atherosclerosis is a disease where the inside of the arteries is clogged by substances known ad plaque. Plaque is a combination of a number of other different substances including fat deposits, calcium, cholesterol and other substances that could be found in the blood. When plaque is allowed to build up because of failure to detect or because of failure to adhere to medications and other therapies, it becomes hard and this leads to the narrowing of the arteries where there is build-up of plaque. The result is that oxygen-rich blood is prevented from effectively flowing to different organs and this may lead to adverse health events. Normally, stroke, heart attack and eventually death are the results of atherosclerosis (Bentzon, Otsuka, Virmani & Falk, 2014). Atherosclerosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the United States today. Worldwide, this disease is considered to be the leading cause of vascular disease, mostly manifested as ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke and peripheral arterial disease (Herrington, Lacey, Sherliker, Armitage & Lewington, 2016). The cost of treating atherosclerosis and the disease burden on the healthcare system is also significant.
It is important to understand that there are a number of risk factors associated with atherosclerosis including, age, ethnicity, race, gender, diabetes, inflammation, genetics, lifestyle behavior such as unhealthy eating, smoking and finally, lack of physical activities among others (Rafieian, Setorki, Doudi, Baradaran & Nasri, 2014). For the purpose of this paper, the factor that shall focused on is age. Evidence has shown that with age, plaque builds up in the arteries increasing the risk of developing the disease. To be specific, the risk in men increases after the age of 45 while the risk in women increases after the age of 55 (Rafieian, Setorki, Doudi, Baradaran & Nasri, 2014). The importance of age in development of atherosclerosis cannot be overstated. This is a disease that develops with time and this is why age is a significant factor. After decades of eating unhealthy foods, drinking, smoking and lack of exercise, the chances of plaque building up in arteries increases. In addition, with age, other diseases that act as risk factors for atherosclerosis may also develop such as hypertension and diabetes. This is why age is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis.
Notably, atherosclerosis has been classified as an aging disease. In the light of this, it is safe to actually consider age as an independent factor for atherosclerosis. In cases of premature aging, atherosclerosis has been established as well. This is because plaques have illustrated instances of cellular senescence that is characterized by reduction in cell proliferation, growth arrest that is irreversible increased DNA change, apoptosis, telomere shortening and dysfunctions and epigenetic modifications (Wang & Bennett, 2012). Studies have shown that atherosclerosis starts from teenage years but the effects are felt in later years. This is why most elderly persons are the ones with the symptoms. Ideally, atherosclerosis is caused by lipid retention as well as modification and oxidation which triggers chronic inflammation at areas that are susceptible such as the walls of major arteries (Insull, 2009)
When an individual has atherosclerosis, the most common symptoms are associate with the fact that there are difficulties in different organs receiving sufficient oxygen and the heart may end up struggling more than it should to pump blood to the affected areas. As such, the common symptoms include chest pain or angina, shortness of breath, fatigue, weakness in leg muscles because of reduced blood circulation, pain in the areas where the arteries are blocked. The mechanism of the plaque could lead to manifestation of other complications when a patient has atherosclerosis. For instance, plaque may rupture leading to stenosis or thrombosis. When surfaces of some plaque are eroded, they may also rupture and this may also trigger thrombosis.
References
Bentzon, J. F., Otsuka, F., Virmani, R., & Falk, E. (2014). Mechanisms of plaque formation and rupture. Circulation research, 114(12), 1852-1866
Herrington, W., Lacey, B., Sherliker, P., Armitage, J., & Lewington, S. (2016). Epidemiology of atherosclerosis and the potential to reduce the global burden of atherothrombotic disease. Circulation research, 118(4), 535-546.
Insull Jr, W. (2009). The pathology of atherosclerosis: plaque development and plaque responses to medical treatment. The American journal of medicine, 122(1), S3-S14
Rafieian-Kopaei, M., Setorki, M., Doudi, M., Baradaran, A., & Nasri, H. (2014). Atherosclerosis: process, indicators, risk factors and new hopes. International journal of preventive medicine, 5(8), 927.
Wang, J. C., & Bennett, M. (2012). Aging and atherosclerosis: mechanisms, functional consequences, and potential therapeutics for cellular senescence. Circulation research, 111(2), 245-259
Try it now!
How it works?
Follow these simple steps to get your paper done
Place your order
Fill in the order form and provide all details of your assignment.
Proceed with the payment
Choose the payment system that suits you most.
Receive the final file
Once your paper is ready, we will email it to you.
Our Services
Ace Writing Center has stood as the world’s leading custom essay writing services providers. Once you enter all the details in the order form under the place order button, the rest is up to us.
Essays
At Ace Writing Center, Nowadays, students normally have extremely busy schedules. You will note that some of them have to take on some evening or weekend jobs in order to get some income that can help them to sustain in college or in the university. This can deny them a chance to write all the essays given. Others usually get bombarded with a lot of work by their lecturers. This can still delay such students from working on all their essays. However, some of them usually try to work on all these essays but end up delivering their work late. This can prevent them from graduating since most lecturers are strict on deadlines. If you want to write a business essay, the wise way is to hire an outstanding essay writing service like us, so that you can get the best results. If you are keen, you will note that many companies usually overcharge their customers. Some of them are there only to make money. And in reality, they really don’t care to build a long term commitment with students. You should not choose such companies. You should take your time and choose a reliable company to work with. Ace Writing Center is the ultimate solution for you. We have been offering our writing service for more than 7 years. This is a clear indication that you will get quality essay writing service. We have a wide range of writers who can work on any business essay that you might have. We believe in doing extensive research so that we can provide quality work to all our clients. .
Admissions
Admission and Business Papers
Have you ever had to write an admission essay for college? The majority of students face the same issues when applying to a university or college and many in such situations decide they need professional help to cope with this matter. They get in a situation when the deadline keeps coming closer but lack motivation to start because they are just not sure if their writing skills are strong enough. We have a solution for you! Ace Writing Center is the best admission essay writing service with a large professional team and years of experience in providing high-quality papers to students of all levels and faculties. The mission of our team is to help students make their dreams of entering a good college come true and that’s what we offer!.
Editing
Editing and Proofreading
Sometimes all the words for your paper just flow out of your mind and into your fingers. You type quickly at your keyboard and there they are, your beautiful words right there on the screen. But you have no idea how to polish it up. You may be wishing there was a paper writing service that offered this type of writing service. Look no more! Here at Ace Writing Center, we offer you an editing and proofreading option that you can't find anywhere else..
Coursework
College Essay Writing
In case you are familiar Ace Writing Center, you know the way to distinguish a better company from a cheap one exactly. First of all, poor service website does not have a sufficient support. We think support team is an essential part of success; it has to answer all clients’ questions and be a connecting link between clients and their writers. On our web-service you will get answers about anything you need and your writer will receive all your instructions, assignments and requirements exactly and swiftly. A writing service that we run has got a flexible pricing system that will save you from senseless wastes and many bonus systems that let you sparing money for something important for you.
