SEU Economic Development in Bangladesh Case Study Questions
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المملكة العربية السعودية
وزارة التعليم
الجامعة السعودية اإللكترونية
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Ministry of Education
Saudi Electronic University
College of Administrative and Financial Sciences
Assignment 1
Introduction to International Business (MGT-321)
Due Date: 12/03/2022 @ 23:59
Course Name:
Student’s Name:
Course Code: MGT-321
Student’s ID Number:
Semester: Second
CRN:
Academic Year:2021-22-2nd
For Instructor’s Use only
Instructor’s Name:
Students’ Grade:
Marks Obtained/Out of 10
Level of Marks: High/Middle/Low
General Instructions – PLEASE READ THEM CAREFULLY
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Assignment must be submitted on Blackboard (WORD format only) via allocated
folder.
Assignments submitted through email will not be accepted.
Students are advised to make their work clear and well presented, marks may be reduced
for poor presentation. This includes filling your information on the cover page.
Students must mention question number clearly in their answer.
Late submission will NOT be accepted.
Avoid plagiarism, the work should be in your own words, copying from students or other
resources without proper referencing will result in ZERO marks. No exceptions.
All answered must be typed using Times New Roman (size 12, double-spaced) font. No
pictures containing text will be accepted and will be considered plagiarism).
Submissions without this cover page will NOT be accepted.
Learning Outcomes:
1. Analyze the effects of culture, politics and economic systems in the context of
international business
(Lo 2.1)
2. Explain the forces driving and evaluating the impact of globalization (Lo 1.3)
3. Carryout effective self-evaluation through discussing economic systems in the
international business context
Case study
Please read Case 3: “Economic Development in Bangladesh” available in your ebook (International business: Competing in the global marketplace (13th ed.), at
page no.629, and answer the following questions:
Assignment Question(s):
1. What were the principal reasons for the economic stagnation of Bangladesh
after its war for independence?
(marks: 2)
2. Explain how the liberalization program in the 1990s enabled Bangladesh to start
climbing the ladder of economic progress. What are the main lessons here that
can be applied to economic development in other nations?
(marks: 4)
3. Bangladesh is dependent for its prosperity upon agriculture and textile
exports. What are the risks here? How might Bangladesh diversify its
industrial and commercial base?
(marks: 4)
Answers
1. Answer2. Answer3. Answer-
Economic Development in Bangladesh
OPENING CASE
When Bangladesh gained independence from Pakistan in
1971 after a brutal civil war that may have left as many as
3 million dead, the U.S. National Security Adviser, Henry
Kissinger, referred to the country as a “basket case.” Kiss-
inger’s assessment was accurate enough. At the time,
Bangladesh was one of the world’s poorest nations. Al-
though most of the country is dominated by the fertile
Ganges-Brahmaputra delta, a lack of other natural re-
sources, coupled with poor infrastructure, political instabil-
ity, and high levels of corruption, long held the country
back. To compound matters, Bangladesh is prone to natu-
ral disasters. Most of Bangladesh is less than 12 meters
above sea level. The extensive low-lying areas are vulner-
able to tropical cyclones, floods, and tidal bores.
Beginning in the mid 1990s, however, Bangladesh be-
gan to climb the ladder of economic progress. From the
early 2000s onward, the country grew its economy at
around 6 percent per annum compounded. Today, this
Muslim majority country of 160 million people has joined
the ranks of lower-middle-income nations. Poverty re-
duction has been dramatic, with the percentage of the
population living in poverty falling from 44.2 percent in
1991 to 18.5 percent in 2010, an achievement that raised
20.5 million people out of abject poverty. Today the
country ranks 64th out of the 154 countries included in
the World Bank’s global poverty database. Yes, it has a
considerable way to go, but it is no longer one of the
world’s poorest countries.
Several reasons underlie Bangladesh’s relative eco-
nomic success. In its initial post-independence period,
Bangladesh adopted socialist policies, nationalizing many
companies and subsidizing the costs of agricultural pro-
duction and basic food products. These policies failed to
deliver the anticipated gains. Policy reforms in the 1980s
were directed toward the withdrawal of food and agricul-
tural subsidies, the privatization of state-owned compa-
nies, financial liberalization, and the withdrawal of some
import restrictions. Further reforms aimed at liberalizing
the economy were launched in the 1990s. These included
making the currency convertible (which led to a floating
exchange rate in 2003), reducing import duties to much
lower levels, and removing most of the controls on the
movement of foreign private capital (which allowed for
more foreign direct investment). The reforms of the 1990s
coincided with the transition to a parliamentary democracy
from semi-autocratic rule.
Bangladesh’s private sector has expanded rapidly since
then. Leading the growth has been the country’s vibrant
textile sector, which is now the second-largest exporter of
ready-made garments in the world after China. Textiles ac-
count for 80 percent of Bangladesh’s exports. The devel-
opment of the textile industry has been helped by the
availability of low-cost labor, managerial skills, favorable
trade agreements, and government policies that elimi-
nated import duties on inputs for the textil business, such
as raw materials. The Bangladesh economy has also ben-
efited from its productive agricultural sector and remit-
tences from more than 10 million Bangladesh citizens who
work in other nations. Bangladesh is also home of the mi-
crofinance movement, which has enabled entrepreneurs
with no prior access to the banking system to borrow small
amounts of capital to start businesses.
This being said, the country still faces considerable
impediments to sustaining its growth. Infrastructure re-
mains poor, corruption continues to be a major problem:
and the political system is, at best, an imperfect democ-
racy where opposition is stifled. The country is too depen-
dent upon its booming textile sector and needs to diversify
its industrial base. Bangladesh is also one of the countries
most prone to the adverse affects of climate change. A
one-meter rise in sea level would leave an estimated 10
percent of the country under water and increase the po-
tential for damaging floods in much of the remainder.
Nevertheless, according to the U.S. investment bank Gold-
man Sachs, Bangladesh is one of the 11 lower-middle-
income nations posed for sustained growth.
Sources: W. Mahmud. S. Ahmed, and S. Mahajan, “Economic Reforms,
Growth, and Governance. The Political Economy Aspects of
Bangladesh’s Development Surprise,” World Bank Commission on
Development and Growth, 2008, “Freedom in the World 2016 Freedom
House: “Tiger in the Night The Economist, October 15, 2016, Sanjay
Kathuria, “How Wll Bangladesh Reach High Levels of Prosperity?’ World
Bank blog, January 5, 2017, Qimiao Fan Bangladesh: Setting a Global
Standard in Ending Poverty,”World Bank blog, October 5, 2016
Purchase answer to see full
attachment
وزارة التعليم
الجامعة السعودية اإللكترونية
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Ministry of Education
Saudi Electronic University
College of Administrative and Financial Sciences
Assignment 1
Introduction to International Business (MGT-321)
Due Date: 12/03/2022 @ 23:59
Course Name:
Student’s Name:
Course Code: MGT-321
Student’s ID Number:
Semester: Second
CRN:
Academic Year:2021-22-2nd
For Instructor’s Use only
Instructor’s Name:
Students’ Grade:
Marks Obtained/Out of 10
Level of Marks: High/Middle/Low
General Instructions – PLEASE READ THEM CAREFULLY
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Assignment must be submitted on Blackboard (WORD format only) via allocated
folder.
Assignments submitted through email will not be accepted.
Students are advised to make their work clear and well presented, marks may be reduced
for poor presentation. This includes filling your information on the cover page.
Students must mention question number clearly in their answer.
Late submission will NOT be accepted.
Avoid plagiarism, the work should be in your own words, copying from students or other
resources without proper referencing will result in ZERO marks. No exceptions.
All answered must be typed using Times New Roman (size 12, double-spaced) font. No
pictures containing text will be accepted and will be considered plagiarism).
Submissions without this cover page will NOT be accepted.
Learning Outcomes:
1. Analyze the effects of culture, politics and economic systems in the context of
international business
(Lo 2.1)
2. Explain the forces driving and evaluating the impact of globalization (Lo 1.3)
3. Carryout effective self-evaluation through discussing economic systems in the
international business context
Case study
Please read Case 3: “Economic Development in Bangladesh” available in your ebook (International business: Competing in the global marketplace (13th ed.), at
page no.629, and answer the following questions:
Assignment Question(s):
1. What were the principal reasons for the economic stagnation of Bangladesh
after its war for independence?
(marks: 2)
2. Explain how the liberalization program in the 1990s enabled Bangladesh to start
climbing the ladder of economic progress. What are the main lessons here that
can be applied to economic development in other nations?
(marks: 4)
3. Bangladesh is dependent for its prosperity upon agriculture and textile
exports. What are the risks here? How might Bangladesh diversify its
industrial and commercial base?
(marks: 4)
Answers
1. Answer2. Answer3. Answer-
Economic Development in Bangladesh
OPENING CASE
When Bangladesh gained independence from Pakistan in
1971 after a brutal civil war that may have left as many as
3 million dead, the U.S. National Security Adviser, Henry
Kissinger, referred to the country as a “basket case.” Kiss-
inger’s assessment was accurate enough. At the time,
Bangladesh was one of the world’s poorest nations. Al-
though most of the country is dominated by the fertile
Ganges-Brahmaputra delta, a lack of other natural re-
sources, coupled with poor infrastructure, political instabil-
ity, and high levels of corruption, long held the country
back. To compound matters, Bangladesh is prone to natu-
ral disasters. Most of Bangladesh is less than 12 meters
above sea level. The extensive low-lying areas are vulner-
able to tropical cyclones, floods, and tidal bores.
Beginning in the mid 1990s, however, Bangladesh be-
gan to climb the ladder of economic progress. From the
early 2000s onward, the country grew its economy at
around 6 percent per annum compounded. Today, this
Muslim majority country of 160 million people has joined
the ranks of lower-middle-income nations. Poverty re-
duction has been dramatic, with the percentage of the
population living in poverty falling from 44.2 percent in
1991 to 18.5 percent in 2010, an achievement that raised
20.5 million people out of abject poverty. Today the
country ranks 64th out of the 154 countries included in
the World Bank’s global poverty database. Yes, it has a
considerable way to go, but it is no longer one of the
world’s poorest countries.
Several reasons underlie Bangladesh’s relative eco-
nomic success. In its initial post-independence period,
Bangladesh adopted socialist policies, nationalizing many
companies and subsidizing the costs of agricultural pro-
duction and basic food products. These policies failed to
deliver the anticipated gains. Policy reforms in the 1980s
were directed toward the withdrawal of food and agricul-
tural subsidies, the privatization of state-owned compa-
nies, financial liberalization, and the withdrawal of some
import restrictions. Further reforms aimed at liberalizing
the economy were launched in the 1990s. These included
making the currency convertible (which led to a floating
exchange rate in 2003), reducing import duties to much
lower levels, and removing most of the controls on the
movement of foreign private capital (which allowed for
more foreign direct investment). The reforms of the 1990s
coincided with the transition to a parliamentary democracy
from semi-autocratic rule.
Bangladesh’s private sector has expanded rapidly since
then. Leading the growth has been the country’s vibrant
textile sector, which is now the second-largest exporter of
ready-made garments in the world after China. Textiles ac-
count for 80 percent of Bangladesh’s exports. The devel-
opment of the textile industry has been helped by the
availability of low-cost labor, managerial skills, favorable
trade agreements, and government policies that elimi-
nated import duties on inputs for the textil business, such
as raw materials. The Bangladesh economy has also ben-
efited from its productive agricultural sector and remit-
tences from more than 10 million Bangladesh citizens who
work in other nations. Bangladesh is also home of the mi-
crofinance movement, which has enabled entrepreneurs
with no prior access to the banking system to borrow small
amounts of capital to start businesses.
This being said, the country still faces considerable
impediments to sustaining its growth. Infrastructure re-
mains poor, corruption continues to be a major problem:
and the political system is, at best, an imperfect democ-
racy where opposition is stifled. The country is too depen-
dent upon its booming textile sector and needs to diversify
its industrial base. Bangladesh is also one of the countries
most prone to the adverse affects of climate change. A
one-meter rise in sea level would leave an estimated 10
percent of the country under water and increase the po-
tential for damaging floods in much of the remainder.
Nevertheless, according to the U.S. investment bank Gold-
man Sachs, Bangladesh is one of the 11 lower-middle-
income nations posed for sustained growth.
Sources: W. Mahmud. S. Ahmed, and S. Mahajan, “Economic Reforms,
Growth, and Governance. The Political Economy Aspects of
Bangladesh’s Development Surprise,” World Bank Commission on
Development and Growth, 2008, “Freedom in the World 2016 Freedom
House: “Tiger in the Night The Economist, October 15, 2016, Sanjay
Kathuria, “How Wll Bangladesh Reach High Levels of Prosperity?’ World
Bank blog, January 5, 2017, Qimiao Fan Bangladesh: Setting a Global
Standard in Ending Poverty,”World Bank blog, October 5, 2016
Purchase answer to see full
attachment
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