Assignment: Anabolic steroids
NOW FOR AN ORIGINAL PAPER ASSIGNMENT:Assignment: Anabolic steroids
Steroids
Anabolic steroids are synthetic variants of male sex hormone testosterone
Build muscle and said to be androgenic
Most commonly used in athletes and other individuals willing to risk potential and irreversible health consequences to build muscle
Potentially fatal risks
Blood clots, liver damage, premature cardiovascular changes, increased cholesterol
Increased potential for suicide and aggressive and risky behaviors
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
18Inhalants
Contain volatile components with psychoactive properties
Many products found in home or workplace (e.g., spray paints, markers, glues, and cleaning fluids)
Produce a rapid high that may resemble alcohol intoxications; may progress to loss of sensation and even unconsciousness
Irreversible effects:
Hearing loss, limb spasms, CNS or brain damage, or bone marrow damage; may result in death from heart failure or suffocation
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
19Adolescent Substance Abuse
Highest prevalence of illicit drug use during lifetime between 18 and 25 years
Teen use of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco has declined
Nearly half of teens try marijuana before they graduate—skepticism about drug’s danger
As harmful, illicit substances come in and out of vogue, CHN needs a good understanding of drug culture, terminology, and differing signs and symptoms
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
20Conceptualizations of Substance Abuse
Conceptualizations have changed over the years, often for political and social reasons rather than for scientific reasons.
“Dependence” or “abuse”
What substances can be abused?
APA focuses on alcohol, amphetamines, caffeine, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, nicotine, opioids, phencyclidine, sedatives, and hypnotics or anxiolytics
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
21Defining Substance Abuse
Substance abuse: a maladaptive pattern of substance use that is manifested by recurrent and significant adverse consequences related to repeated use of a substance.
Failure to fulfill major role obligations
Repeated use in physically hazardous situations
Multiple legal problems
Recurrent social and interpersonal problems
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
22Defining Substance Abuse (Cont.)
Dependence: a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms that indicate continued use of the substance despite significant substance-related problems
Pattern of repeated, self-administered use
Tolerance, withdrawal, and compulsive drug-taking behaviors
A craving or strong desire for the substance
Preoccupation with supply, money to purchase, and getting through time between periods of use
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
23Sociocultural and Political Aspects of Substance Abuse
Determined largely by economic, cultural, and political conditions of potential users
Cultural conditions create ambiguity in clearly determining when a problem exists.
Competing value systems lead to cultural disintegration and a sense of powerlessness and hopelessness.
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
24Course of Substance-Related Problems
Path from initiation to dependency is multidimensional.
Person + substance + context/environment
Progression varies—from initiation to continuation, transition to abuse, and finally, addiction and dependency
Critical point is transition from use to abuse
Addiction/dependency marked by changes in both behavior and cognition
Once addiction is established, withdrawal symptoms are strong motivators to continue use
Copyright © 2015, 2011, 2007, 2001, 1997, 1993 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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