Which action is a purpose of the inFammatory process? a. To provide speci±c responses toward antigens b. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue d. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injuryANS: C If the epithelial barrier is damaged, then a highly e²cient local and systemic response (inFammation) is mobilized to limit the extent of damage, to protect against infection, and to initiate the repair of damaged tissue. The other options do not accurately identify a purpose of the inFammatory process. PTS: 1 RE³: Page 1912. How do surfactant proteins A through D provide innate resistance? a. Initiate the complement cascade. c. Secrete mucus. b. Promote phagocytosis. d. Synthesize lysosomes.ANS: B The lung produces and secretes a family of glycoproteins, collectins, which includes surfactant proteins A through D and mannose-binding lectin. Collectin binding facilitates macrophages to recognize the microorganism, enhancing macrophage attachment, phagocytosis, and killing. The other options do not accurately identify how surfactant proteins provide innate resistance. PTS: 1 RE³: Page 1943. Which secretion is a ±rst line of defense against pathogen invasion that involves antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids, as well as lactic acid? a. Optic tears c. Sweat gland perspiration b. Oral saliva d. Sebaceous gland sebumBackground image of page 1ANS: D Sebaceous glands in the skin secrete sebum that is made up of antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids and lactic acid that provide the Frst-line barrier against pathogen invasion. PTS: 1 RE±: Pages 192-1934. Which bacterium grows in the intestines after prolonged antibiotic therapy? a. Lactobacillus c. Clostridium difcile b. Candida albicans d. Helicobacter pyloriANS: C Prolonged antibiotic treatment can alter the normal intestinal ²ora, decreasing its protective activity and leading to the overgrowth of other microorganisms, such as the yeast C . albicans or the bacterium C . difcile . The other options do not accurately identify intestinal bacterium whose growth is a result of prolonged antibiotic therapy. PTS: 1 RE±: Page 1945. What causes the edema that occurs during the in²ammatory process? a. Vasodilation of blood vessels c. Endothelial cell contraction b. Increased capillary permeability d. Emigration of neutrophilsANS: B The increased ²ow and capillary permeability result in a leakage of plasma from the vessels, causing swelling (edema) in the surrounding tissue and is solely responsible for in²ammation-induced edema. PTS: 1 RE±: Page 1956. What process causes heat and redness to occur during the in²ammatory process? a. Vasodilation of blood vessels c. Decreased capillary permeabilit……………….
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