ECO 550 Week 11 Final Exam [Chapter 9 – Chapter 17]

ECO 550 Week 11 Final Exam [Chapter 9 – Chapter 17]1. Evidence from empirical studies of long-run cost-output relationships lends support to the:a. existence of a non-linear cubic total cost functionb. hypothesis that marginal costs first decrease, then gradually increase over the normal operating range of the firmc. hypothesis that total costs increase quadratically over the ranges of output examinedd. hypothesis that total costs increase linearly over some considerable range of output examinede. none of the above2. The short-run cost function is:a. where all inputs to the production process are variableb. relevant to decisions in which one or more inputs to the production process are fixedc. not relevant to optimal pricing and production output decisionsd. crucial in making optimal investment decisions in new production facilitiese. none of the above3. Theoretically, in a long-run cost function:a. all inputs are fixedb. all inputs are considered variablec. some inputs are always fixedd. capital and labor are always combined in fixed proportionse. b and d4. Break-even analysis usually assumes all of the following except:a. in the short run, there is no distinction between variable and fixed costs.b. revenue and cost curves are straight-lines throughout the analysis.c. there appears to be perfect competition since the price is considered to remain the same re-gardless of quantity.d. the straight-line cost curve implies that marginal cost is constant.e. both c and d5. What is another term meaning the degree of operating leverage?a. The measure of the importance of fixed cost.b. The operating profit elasticity.c. The measure of business risk.d. D.O.L.e. All of the above.6. In a study of banking by asset size over time, we can find which asset sizes are tending to become more prominent. The size that is becoming more predominant is presumed to be least cost. This is called:a. regression to the mean analysis.b. breakeven analysis.c. survivorship analysis.d. engineering cost analysis.e. a Willie Sutton analysis.7. George Webb Restaurant collects on the average $5 per customer at its breakfast & lunch diner. Its variable cost per customer averages $3, and its annual fixed cost is $40,000. If George Webb wants to make a profit of $20,000 per year at the diner, it will have to serve__________ customers per year.a. 10,000 customersb. 20,000 customersc. 30,000 customersd. 40,000 customerse. 50,000 customers8. Which of the following is not a limitation of the survivor technique for measuring the optimum size of firms within an industry?a. since the technique does not employ actual cost data in the analysis, there is no way to assess the magnitude of the cost differentials between firms of varying size and efficiency.b. the managerial and entrepreneurial aspects of the production process are not included in the analysisc. because of legal factors, the long-run cost curve derived by this technique may be distorted and may not measure the cost curve postulated in economic theoryd. a and be. b and c9. The primary disadvantage of engineering methods for measuring cost functions is that they deal with the managerial and entrepreneurial aspects of the production process or plant.a. trueb. false10. A linear total cost function implies that:a. marginal costs are constant as output increasesb. average total costs are continually decreasing as output increasesc. a and bd. none of the above11. A ____ total cost function implies that marginal costs ____ as output is increased.a. linear; increase linearlyb. quadratic; increase linearlyc. cubic; increase linearlyd. a and be. none of the above12. A ____ total cost function implies that marginal costs ____ as output is increased.a. linear; increase linearlyb. quadratic; are constantc. cubic; increase linearlyd. linear; are constante. none of the above13. A ____ total cost function yields a U-shaped average total cost function.a. cubicb. quadraticc. lineard. a and b onlye. a, b, and c14. In the linear breakeven model, the difference between selling price per unit and variable cost per unit is referred to as:a. variable margin per unitb. variable cost ratioc. contribution margin per unitd. target margin per unite. none of the above15. Which of the following is not an assumption of the linear breakeven model:a. constant selling price per unitb. decreasing variable cost per unitc. fixed costs are independent of the output leveld. a single product (or a constant mix of products) is being produced and solde. all costs can be classified as fixed or variable16. In the linear breakeven model, the breakeven sales volume (in dollars) is equal to fixed costs divided by:a. unit selling price less unit variable costb. contribution margin per unitc. one minus the variable cost ratiod. a and b onlye. a, b, and c17. The degree of operating leverage is equal to the ____ change in ____ divided by the ____ change in ____.a. percentage; sales; percentage; EBITb. unit; sales; unit; EBITc. percentage; EBIT; percentage; salesd. unit; EBIT; unit; salese. none of the above18. The linear breakeven model excludes ____ from the analysis.a. financing costsb. taxesc. contribution margind. a and b onlye. a, b, and c19. In the linear breakeven model, the relevant range of output is that range where the linearity assumptions of the model are assumed to hold.a. trueb. false20. In the linear breakeven model, the breakeven sales volume (in dollars) can be found by multiplying the breakeven sales volume (in units) by:a. one minus the variable cost ratiob. contribution margin per unitc. selling price per unitd. standard deviation of unit salese. none of the above21. In the linear breakeven model, a firm incurs operating losses whenever output is less than the breakeven level.a. trueb. false