M4D: Discuss the drug RhoGAM (immune globulin)

Review the case study and respond to the statement below.

Case Study: A client had an SVD (spontaneous vaginal delivery) today. The labor and delivery nurse gives you a shift report and notes the client is RH Negative and her infant is RH Positive.

Discuss the drug RhoGAM (immune globulin), including:

  • Route
  • Nursing Implications
  • Indications for Use
  • Contraindications for Use

 

KEY TAKEAWAYS BEFORE ATTEMPTING THIS ASSIGNMENT

 

Discuss the drug RhoGAM (immune globulin), including: Route Nursing Implications Indications for Use Contraindications for Use

Introduction

The drug RhoGAM (immune globulin) is used to prevent bleeding in people who are experiencing surgery or childbirth. It’s also used to help prevent strokes, heart attacks and other health problems. You may be having surgery or a child can’t stop bleeding after birth. In these cases, you may choose to give yourself this medication as soon as possible after the surgery or delivery. If you need help with this decision make sure your doctor knows your current medical history and that you understand the risks involved with taking this drug while pregnant or breastfeeding

RhoGAM (immune globulin) is a blood-thinning medication that’s used to prevent blood clots. RhoGAM is given by injection into a vein or muscle, and it’s sometimes prescribed to treat some types of anemia and other medical conditions. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved RhoGAM for the following uses:

  • Treating vasovagal syncope (fainting), which is caused by decreased blood pressure in the brain or spinal cord
  • Preventing thrombosis while waiting for surgery to be done on your foot/toes

Route

RhoGAM can be given intravenously, intramuscularly or subcutaneously. It is also available in a topical form for the treatment of cold sores (herpes labialis).

If you’re giving RhoGAM IV to a patient who’s allergic to pork, you should use an alternative donor.

Nursing Implications

When a patient with RhoGAM has an allergic reaction, the nurse should:

  • Administer an antihistamine.
  • Provide intravenous fluids to maintain hydration and enhance comfort.

When a patient is receiving RhoGAM for treatment of immune globulin-associated vasculitis, the nurse should be aware of potential complications that can occur during therapy:

Indications for Use

RhoGAM is indicated for use in a variety of situations and populations, including:

  • Rh incompatibility. In cases where there is an acute or chronic need to treat the hemolytic disease of the newborn, RhoGAM can be administered at the time of birth.
  • Antenatal exposure to Rh-positive blood. Exposure during pregnancy can result in fetal loss or miscarriages due to tissue damage caused by antibodies produced by maternal immune system cells that recognize foreign antigens (immunoglobulins). If you have been exposed to Rh-positive blood before your pregnancy begins and you test negative on regular screening tests but are still worried about potential complications, it may be necessary for you take this medication before delivery so that it will not harm your baby.
  • Intrauterine transfusion syndrome (IFT). This occurs when women who receive blood from another person (don’t know their own blood type) during labor develop antibodies against those proteins found only in their own body types.* In utero exposure. If a pregnant woman receives an injection containing Rh-positive antibodies earlier than expected due to preterm premature rupture of membranes leading up until 42 weeks gestation then she may develop IFT symptoms even though she has never received any type O red cell immunization prior

Contraindications for Use

RhoGAM is contraindicated in pregnancy.

RhoGAM is contraindicated in women who are nursing and should not be administered to women of childbearing potential unless there is a medical indication for its use.

It is recommended that nursing mothers discontinue this drug if they are breastfeeding their infants and bottle-feeding them after prolonged administration of the drug. In addition, children exposed to blood from an immunoglobulin product should receive appropriate prophylactic therapy with antibiotics until cultures have been determined to be negative.

Know the indications to use this drug.

To prevent or treat rhesus disease, use RhoGAM.

RhoGAM is used to treat aplastic anemia and hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Conclusion

The indications to use this drug include:

  • Injectable immune globulin (IgG) for treatment of IgA nephropathy and IgM nephropathy.

The contraindications to use RhoGAM include:

  • Injectable immunoglobulins, such as gamma globulin or alpha-1 antitrypsin, are contraindicated in patients with thrombocytopenia and those receiving anticoagulant therapy, including warfarin or aspirin.

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