Running head: RESEARCH CRITIQUE 1
RESEARCH CRITIQUE 2
Research Critique
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Research Critique
Qualitative Research Study 1
Background of Study
The clinical problem and research problem that led to the study was the issue of determining whether influenza vaccines were effective or not. (Flannery et al, 2015) sought to found out the effectiveness of early estimates of seasonal influenza vaccine in the United States. The effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccines was not known. However, it is known that the effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine usually varies. It also depends to some extent on the match between vaccines and influenza viruses which are circulating. However, influenza vaccination, even with low effectiveness, prevents thousands of hospitalizations. If the effectiveness of influenza vaccines is understood, it could be used to improve various health care delivery or patient outcomes. This particular outlined gap in knowledge is the research problem.
The authors established the significance of the study in various ways. The authors highlighted that during each season there is early circulation and widespread of influenza viruses. Many people are usually infected with influenza virus each season in the United States. The authors also highlighted that Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) tried to estimate the effectiveness of the vaccines in preventing the circulation of the influenza virus. It is therefore recommended that individuals of all age groups be given the influenza vaccines. This leads to the need to establish the effectiveness and of early estimates of influenza vaccine.
The purpose of the study was to find out the effectiveness of vaccines on seasonal influenza. The aim of the researchers was to carry out an efficient qualitative research study so as to determine whether the vaccines were indeed effective. The research question which the study was designed to answer was, are vaccines effective in preventing the spread of seasonal influenza virus? The purpose and research questions related to the research problem.
Method of Study
The qualitative methods used were appropriate to answer the research question. The tests were conducted on influenza patients who were seeking outpatient medical care on acute respiratory illness. The authors however did not identify a specific perspective from which the research study was developed. The author cited quantitative and qualitative research studies which were relevant to the focus of the study. The other types of literature which the author included are the reports from the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC).
Most of the reference materials used by the authors are current. However, the authors also included research studies which were older than the 5-year limit. This is because the findings of older qualitative research studies were significant and relevant the study. The authors did not evaluate or indicated the weaknesses of the available research studies. The literature review included adequate information to build a logical argument. However, a framework was not developed from the study findings of the research.
Results of Study
The following were the findings of the study. Basing on data from 2,321 adults and children who were diagnosed with acute respiratory illness, within five research study sites with outpatient medical facilities in the United States, it was found out that the overall estimated effectiveness of the 2014–15 seasonal influenza vaccine for preventing medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza virus infection was 23%. One implication of the study to nursing profession is that nurses should develop care plans for hospitalized patients and all outpatients who are at high risk for serious complications resulting from influenza. Another implication is that influenza patients should be treated as soon as possible with one of three available influenza antiviral medications if influenza is suspected.
The findings of the study contribute to nursing knowledge/science by outlining recommendations of how influenza virus can be prevented. This would positively impact all areas of nursing.
Ethical Considerations
The study was approved by an Institutional Review Board. The study also protected the privacy of the patient by not disclosing the identities of patients interviewed. There were ethical considerations with regard to the treatment such as respecting and valuing the human dignity.
Conclusion
The research on effectiveness of influenza vaccine is important. It suggest on areas which needs to be improved in nursing practice. The results of the study are applicable when developing nursing care plans used in nursing practice. The study adds knowledge with regard to how to effectively prevent influenza in various seasons.
Qualitative Research Study 2
Background of Study
The clinical problem and research problem that led to the study was how to effectively prevent the spread of A/H3N2 influenza virus in the year 2014 up to 2015 in the US. What was not known is whether LAIV or IIV was more effective, and if understood, could be used to improve various health care delivery and patient outcomes. The gap in knowledge is the research problem of this particular study.
The authors establish the significance of the study highlighting the importance of putting measures to prevent the circulation of influenza virus. They stated that the two types of vaccines (LAIV and IIV) are normally used among children who are aged 2 to 8 years (Zimmerman et al, 2016). The purpose of the study was to ascertain whether live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) and inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV) were effective in preventing the spread of A/H3N2 influenza virus. The research question was, are the existing influenza vaccines effective in preventing the spread of the virus? The purpose and research questions were indeed related to the problem.
Method of Study
The research employed various qualitative methods to appropriately answer the research question. One of the methods used was test-negative methods to find out the vaccine effectiveness (VE). The authors did not outline a specific perspective from which the research was developed. The authors cite quantitative and qualitative studies relevant to the focus of the study. The references used in the research are current. The author never evaluated nor indicated the weaknesses of the available research. The literature review included sufficient information to build a logical idea and argument. A framework was developed from the research findings. The framework was used to correlate the two types of vaccines and determine their effectiveness.
Results of Study
The study found out that IIV vaccine was more effective as compared to LAIV. The vaccine effectiveness of IIV was more than 60% while that of LAIV was below 30% across all the age categories. The implication to nursing is the significant role which nurses should play in preventing the spread of Influenza virus. The findings contribute to nursing knowledge/science by comparing the effectiveness of the two vaccines so that it can recommend the use of a vaccine whose effectiveness is high. This would have positive impacts on practice, education, administration.
Ethical Considerations
The research was approved by an Institutional Review Board. The patients’ privacy was protected when carrying out the research. There were some ethical considerations regarding the treatment of patients who participated in the research. The researchers respected human dignity when conducting the study. Their relationships with patients were also valued.
Conclusion
The research on determining vaccine effectiveness is significant to nursing research. This particular research recommends the use of current evidence-based practices in nursing. The research is applicable to nursing since it suggests various treatment measures of patients with influenza. This particular research adds knowledge with regard to the effectiveness of the two vaccines (LAIV and IIV) among individuals of various age groups.
References
Flannery, B., Clippard, J., Zimmerman, R. K., Nowalk, M. P., Jackson, M. L., Jackson, L. A., … & Gaglani, M. (2015). Early estimates of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness—United States, January 2015. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 64(1), 10.
Zimmerman, R. K., Nowalk, M. P., Chung, J., Jackson, M. L., Jackson, L. A., Petrie, J. G., … & Murthy, K. (2016). 2014–2015 Influenza vaccine effectiveness in the United States by vaccine type. Clinical Infectious Diseases, ciw635.
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