Theassignment is a discussion board response to a student’s post
**Minimum of two scholarly (peer-reviewed)references
**References must be within the last 5-7 years
** This is a master’s program for nursing;answers should be in the context of nursing
**This is a master’s discussion post and shouldbe written at that level.
**Formal scholarly work does notinclude personal pronouns or passive voice
**This is not a critique of the student’s work.
**This post should build on, add to, or offer adiffering viewpoint of the topic written about in the student’spost or initial prompt ** Reference list entries must includethe doi link starting with http://doi…..
** I will attach the grading rubric forreference; please contact me with any questions.
**Finished writing will be submitted to Turnitin;similarity score must be less than 10%
** Do notuse the student’s sources
The initial prompt that thestudent responded to (for reference only) is below:
Mike is a 23-year-old white male admitted for severe depression. He has a history of bipolar disorder and is currently taking valproate (Depakote) 500 mg XR daily. His psychiatrist ordered LFTs to follow the valproate therapy. LFTs were abnormal: ALT 1178 u/L, AST 746 u/L. the patient was asymptomatic. He denies fever, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting or jaundice. He denies using other medication or alcohol but admits using illicit IV drugs starting about 8 weeks ago and continuing to present. He never had a blood transfusion. Aside from Depakote he is presently taking clonazepam 1 mg prn and fluoxetine (Prozac) 40 mg qd.
Other blood work: Direct bili 1 mg/dL, alk phos 188 u/L, anti-HCV negative on hospital day 1, positive on day 3. HCV-RNA PCR positive. Hep A, B, and D markers negative.
Patient diagnosis: Acute Hepatitis C.
List some clinical manifestations typically seen in Hepatitis C and major treatment strategies.
The student’s post (Respond to this)
The Centers For Disease Control and Management (CDC) (2021) estimated that in 2017 53% of illicit IV drug users had hepatitis C. In fact, the majority of hepatitis C cases in the United States and Europe can be linked to IV drug abuse (Basit et al., 2021). Once exposed to hepatitis C symptoms develop between 2-12 weeks (Centers for Disease Control and Management, 2021). Hepatitis C does not have any unique symptoms and is clinically indistinguishable from other hepatitis viruses(Basit et al., 2021). The shared symptoms include nausea, malaise, right upper quadrant pain, dark urine, and jaundice. Other possible symptoms are fever, loss of appetite, clay-colored stool, vomiting, and joint paint (Centers for Disease Control and Management, 2021). Effective treatment can eradicate hepatitis C, especially since the use of oral direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has become prevalent. Since the implementation of DAAs treatment regimens have been reduced from an average of 48 weeks to 12 weeks and with a 90-97% effective rate (Basit et al., 2021). DAAs work by targeting specific parts of the hepatitis C virus including NS3/4A protease, NS5A polymerase, and NS5B polymerase (U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs [VA], 2019). There are five DAA medications that use a combination of inhibitors against these targets. The medications include Harvoni which is a combination of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir, Zepatierel a combination of basvir and grazoprevir, Epclusa a combination of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir, Vosevi a combination of sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir, and Mavyret a combination of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir. Finally, the medication ribavirin can be used to work in conjunction with DAAs.
References
Basit, H., Tyagi, I., & Koirala, J. (2021, July 20). Hepatitis C. StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430897/
Centers for Disease Control and Management. (2021, August 27). Hepatitis c questions and answers for health professionals. Viral Hepatitis. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/hcvfaq.htm
U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs. (2019, October 3). Classification of direct-acting antiviral agents in HCV treatment regimens. Viral hepatitis and liver disease. https://www.hepatitis.va.gov/hcv/treatment/hcv-daa-class.asp
*** Please direct this response not only to the disease process but also to the patient Mike as well.
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